Wish / if only

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Do'st bilan afsusingizni baham ko'rganda

  I wish I hadn't sold my old car - I really miss it.

  Eski mashinamni sotmaganimda edi - uni juda qo'msayman.

• Ish joyidagi vaziyatdan norozilik bildirganda

  I wish management would tell us about these changes in advance.

  Rahbariyat bu o'zgarishlar haqida bizga oldindan aytsa edi.

• Imtihon natijasi haqida gapirganda

  She wishes she had revised the reading section more carefully.

  U o'qish bo'limini diqqat bilan takrorlaganida edi, deb o'ylaydi.

• Rasmiy shikoyat yoki so'rov bildirganda

  I wish to make a formal complaint about the service I received.

  Ko'rsatilgan xizmat yuzasidan rasmiy shikoyat qilmoqchiman.

Uchta asosiy shakl

wish dan keyin qaysi zamon kelishi ma'noni butunlay o'zgartiradi. wish + Past Simple hozirgi yoki kelajakdagi holat boshqacha bo'lishini istashni bildiradi. wish + had + V3 o'tmishda qilingan yoki qilinmagan ish uchun afsusni bildiradi. wish + would esa boshqa odamning yoki vaziyatning o'zgarishini istashni, ko'pincha norozilik bilan bildiradi. Uchalasi ham haqiqatga teskari ma'no beradi.

• I wish I had more free time during the week. — Hafta davomida ko'proq bo'sh vaqtim bo'lishini istardim.
• I wish I had studied harder at school. — Maktabda qattiqroq o'qiganimda edi.
• I wish he would stop complaining about everything. — U hamma narsadan shikoyat qilishni to'xtatsa edi.
• She wishes she knew how to drive. — U haydashni bilishini istaydi.

wish + Past Simple: hozirgi holat

Bu shakl hozirgi vaziyat sizga yoqmasligini bildiradi. Fe'l o'tgan zamonda bo'lsa ham, ma'no hozirgi zamonga tegishli - xuddi 2-tur shart gapdagidek. to be fe'li bilan barcha shaxslarda were ishlatiladi, ayniqsa rasmiy uslubda: I wish I were taller. Suhbatda was ham eshitiladi, lekin imtihonda were xavfsizroq. can o'rniga could keladi.

• I wish I were better at maths. — Matematikani yaxshiroq bilsam edi.
• He wishes he lived closer to the office. — U ofisga yaqinroq yashashini istaydi.
• I wish I could speak Chinese fluently. — Xitoychada ravon gapira olsam edi.
• We wish we didn't have to work at weekends. — Dam olish kunlari ishlashimiz shart bo'lmaganida edi.

wish + Past Perfect: o'tmishdagi afsus

O'tmishda bo'lgan yoki bo'lmagan ish haqida afsuslanganda had + V3 ishlatiladi. Bu shakl 3-tur shart gapga juda yaqin: I wish I had studied = If I had studied, ... Ko'pincha xato qilingandan keyin aytiladi va ovozda afsus ohangi bo'ladi. Inkor shakli hadn't + V3: I wish I hadn't said that.

• I wish I hadn't said that to my boss. — Buni boshlig'imga aytmaganimda edi.
• She wishes she had accepted the job offer. — U ish taklifini qabul qilganida edi, deb o'ylaydi.
• They wish they had booked the tickets earlier. — Chiptalarni oldinroq band qilganlarida edi.
• I wish someone had warned me about the traffic. — Kimdir menga tirbandlik haqida ogohlantirganida edi.

wish + would: shikoyat va istak

wish + would boshqa odamning yoki vaziyatning xatti-harakatidan norozilikni bildiradi. Ma'nosi: men buning o'zgarishini xohlayman, lekin o'zgarishiga ishonmayman. Muhim cheklov bor: o'zingiz haqingizda wish + would ishlatilmaydi, chunki o'z harakatingizni o'zingiz o'zgartira olasiz. O'zingiz haqingizda could yoki Past Simple ishlating.

• I wish you would listen to me for once. — Hech bo'lmasa bir marta meni eshitsangiz edi.
• I wish it would stop raining so we could go out. — Yomg'ir to'xtasa edi, chiqib kelardik.
• She wishes her neighbours would be quieter at night. — U qo'shnilari kechasi tinchroq bo'lishini istaydi.
• I wish the bus would come - we have been waiting for twenty minutes. — Avtobus kelsa edi - yigirma daqiqadan beri kutyapmiz.

if only, hope va rasmiy wish

if only wish bilan bir xil shakllarda ishlatiladi, faqat hissiyot kuchliroq bo'ladi va ko'pincha undov bilan aytiladi. hope esa butunlay boshqa fe'l: u real umidni bildiradi va undan keyin oddiy zamonlar keladi - I hope you pass the exam. Rasmiy uslubda wish + to + fe'l uchraydi: I wish to complain. Bu yerda afsus emas, xushmuomala istak ma'nosi bor.

• If only I were ten years younger! — Qaniydi o'n yosh yoshroq bo'lsam!
• If only we hadn't missed the last flight. — Qaniydi oxirgi reysni o'tkazib yubormaganimizda.
• I hope you feel better soon. — Tezroq tuzalib ketishingizga umid qilaman.
• I wish to speak to the manager, please. — Menejer bilan gaplashmoqchi edim.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• I wish I have more time.

  I wish I had more time.

  wish dan keyin hozirgi holat uchun Past Simple ishlatiladi.

• I wish I would be taller.

  I wish I were taller.

  O'zingiz haqingizda wish + would ishlatilmaydi.

• She wishes she has bought that car.

  She wishes she had bought that car.

  O'tmishdagi afsus uchun had + V3 kerak.

• I wish you will come tomorrow.

  I hope you will come tomorrow.

  Real umid uchun wish emas, hope ishlatiladi.

Maslahatlar

• wish dan keyin zamonni bir qadam orqaga siljiting: hozir uchun Past, o'tmish uchun Past Perfect.
• Barcha shaxslar uchun were ishlating: I wish I were, he wishes he were.
• O'z harakatingiz haqida wish + could, boshqaning harakati haqida wish + would.
• Kelajakka real umid bildirganda hope ishlating, wish emas.

Mashqlar