Second Conditional

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Do'stingizga qiyin vaziyatda maslahat berganda

  If I were you, I'd talk to your boss before you make a decision.

  Sizning o'rningizda bo'lsam, qaror qabul qilishdan oldin boshliq bilan gaplashardim.

• IELTS Speaking Part 3 da farazlar haqida gapirganda

  If people used public transport more often, our cities would be much cleaner.

  Odamlar jamoat transportidan ko'proq foydalanganda, shaharlarimiz ancha toza bo'lardi.

• Do'stlar davrasida orzularingiz haqida suhbatlashganda

  If I had more free time, I would learn to play the guitar.

  Bo'sh vaqtim ko'proq bo'lganida gitara chalishni o'rganardim.

• Ish suhbatida faraziy savolga javob berganda

  If a colleague made a serious mistake, I would speak to them privately first.

  Agar hamkasbim jiddiy xato qilsa, avvalo u bilan yakkama-yakka gaplashardim.

Shakli: o'tgan zamon shakli, hozirgi ma'no

2-turda if qismida Past Simple, asosiy qismda esa would + fe'lning asl shakli keladi. Diqqat: bu yerda o'tgan zamon shakli ishlatilsa ham, gap o'tmish haqida emas. O'tgan zamon shakli bu yerda "bu haqiqat emas" degan signalni beradi. Og'zaki nutqda would ko'pincha 'd ga qisqaradi: I'd go, she'd help. Inkor shakli wouldn't.

• If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world. — Agar bir million dollarim bo'lsa, dunyoni aylanib chiqardim.
• She would help us if she had more time. — Vaqti ko'proq bo'lganida bizga yordam berardi.
• If we lived closer, we'd see each other more often. — Yaqinroq yashaganimizda tez-tez ko'rishib turardik.
• I wouldn't say that if I were you. — Sizning o'rningizda bo'lsam, buni aytmagan bo'lardim.

Ma'nosi: real emas, tasavvur

2-tur uchta vaziyatda ishlatiladi. Birinchidan, hozirgi haqiqatga zid tasavvur uchun: If I were taller ... (lekin men baland emasman). Ikkinchidan, kelajakda ro'y berishi juda kam ehtimol bo'lgan holat uchun: If I won the lottery ... Uchinchidan, maslahat berish uchun: If I were you, I would ... Bu ibora ingliz tilida eng ko'p ishlatiladigan maslahat shakllaridan biri.

• If I were taller, I would play basketball. — Bo'yim baland bo'lganida basketbol o'ynardim.
• What would you do if you won the lottery? — Lotereyada yutib qolsangiz, nima qilardingiz?
• If I were you, I would accept the offer. — Sizning o'rningizda bo'lsam, taklifni qabul qilardim.
• If he spoke English, he would get the job. — Ingliz tilida gapirganida ishga olinardi.

were shakli

Shart gaplarda be fe'li barcha shaxslar uchun were shaklida kelishi mumkin: If I were, if he were, if she were. Bu subjunktiv deb ataladigan qadimiy shakl bo'lib, bugungi kunda ham rasmiy va yozma uslubda saqlanib qolgan. Kundalik so'zlashuvda I was va he was ham eshitiladi va u xato hisoblanmaydi. Lekin If I were you iborasida faqat were ishlatiladi - bu qat'iy qoida.

• If he were here, he would explain everything. — U shu yerda bo'lganida hammasini tushuntirib berardi.
• If I were rich, I wouldn't work at all. — Boy bo'lganimda umuman ishlamasdim.
• If the weather were better, we would go out. — Havo yaxshiroq bo'lganida tashqariga chiqardik.
• If I were you, I'd see a doctor. — Sizning o'rningizda bo'lsam, shifokorga borardim.

1-tur va 2-tur farqi

Ikkala tur ham hozirgi yoki kelajakdagi holat haqida, farq faqat gapiruvchining munosabatida. 1-tur - bu haqiqatan ham bo'lishi mumkin, men uni real deb bilaman. 2-tur - bu ehtimoldan yiroq yoki umuman imkonsiz. Shuning uchun "If I see Aziz, I will tell him" (uni ko'rishim mumkin) va "If I saw a ghost, I would run" (arvoh ko'rishim dargumon) farq qiladi. Tanlovni grammatika emas, sizning qarashingiz belgilaydi.

• If I see Aziz, I will tell him. (ehtimol ko'raman) — Azizni ko'rsam, aytaman.
• If I saw a ghost, I would run away. (dargumon) — Arvoh ko'rsam, qochib ketardim.
• If it rains, we will take a taxi. — Yomg'ir yog'sa, taksi olamiz.
• If it snowed in July, everyone would be shocked. — Iyulda qor yog'sa, hamma hayratda qolardi.

could va might bilan

Asosiy qismda would o'rniga could yoki might ham kelishi mumkin. could - "qila olardim" degan imkoniyatni, might - "ehtimol qilardim" degan noaniqlikni bildiradi. If qismida esa would hech qachon ishlatilmaydi, lekin xushmuomala iltimoslarda "If you would ..." kabi rasmiy iboralar uchraydi - buni B1 darajasida ishlatish shart emas.

• If I had a car, I could drive you home. — Mashinam bo'lganida sizni uyga olib borardim.
• If she asked me, I might say yes. — Agar u mendan so'rasa, ehtimol rozi bo'lardim.
• We could finish today if we started now. — Hozir boshlasak, bugun tugata olardik.
• If they knew the truth, they might change their minds. — Haqiqatni bilishsa, fikrlarini o'zgartirishlari mumkin edi.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• If I would have money, I would buy a car.

  If I had money, I would buy a car.

  if qismida would ishlatilmaydi - u yerda faqat Past Simple keladi.

• If I was you, I would apologise.

  If I were you, I would apologise.

  If I were you barqaror ibora, unda faqat were ishlatiladi.

• If he studied, he will pass.

  If he studied, he would pass.

  2-turda asosiy qismda will emas, would keladi - ikki qism bir turga mos bo'lishi kerak.

• If I would know, I would tell you.

  If I knew, I would tell you.

  know fe'li if qismida Past Simple shaklida - knew bo'lishi kerak.

Maslahatlar

• Qoidani eslang: if tomonda o'tgan zamon, natija tomonda would - ikkalasi hech qachon joyini almashtirmaydi.
• If I were you, I would ... - maslahat berishning eng tabiiy yo'li, uni butunligicha yodlang.
• Past Simple bu yerda o'tmish emas, "bu haqiqat emas" degan belgidir.
• would o'rniga could yoki might qo'ysangiz, gap yanada aniqroq ohang oladi.

Mashqlar