Mixed conditionals
Aralash shart gaplar
Aralash shart gapda shart bir zamonga, natija esa boshqa zamonga tegishli bo'ladi: shart o'tmishda - natija hozirda, yoki shart hozirda - natija o'tmishda.
Qachon ishlatiladi
Hayotdagi burilish nuqtasi haqida suhbatlashganda
If I hadn't moved to Tashkent, I wouldn't be working in this field now.
Toshkentga ko'chmaganimda hozir bu sohada ishlamagan bo'lardim.
Ish suhbatida oldingi tanlovingizni izohlaganda
If I had chosen engineering, I wouldn't have the design skills I use every day.
Muhandislikni tanlaganimda har kuni ishlatadigan dizayn ko'nikmalarim bo'lmasdi.
Inshoda o'tmishdagi siyosatning bugungi oqibatini ko'rsatganda
If the city had planned its transport network properly, traffic would not be such a problem today.
Shahar transport tarmog'ini to'g'ri rejalashtirganida bugun tirbandlik bunchalik muammo bo'lmasdi.
Sport sharhida jamoaning hozirgi ahvolini izohlaganda
If their striker weren't injured, they would have won last night's match.
Hujumchisi jarohatlanmaganida ular kechagi o'yinda g'alaba qozonishardi.
Nega aralash shakl kerak
2-tur to'liq hozirgi zamonga, 3-tur to'liq o'tmishga tegishli. Lekin hayotda ko'pincha sabab bir vaqtda, natija boshqa vaqtda bo'ladi. Masalan, o'tmishda qilingan xato bugungi ahvolga sabab bo'lishi mumkin. Shunday holatlarda gapning ikki qismi turli zamonlardan olinadi va aralash shart gap hosil bo'ladi.
- If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. — Tibbiyotni o'qiganimda hozir shifokor bo'lardim.
- If he weren't so shy, he would have asked her out last year. — Shunchalik uyatchan bo'lmaganida, o'tgan yili undan uchrashuvga chiqishni so'ragan bo'lardi.
- If they had saved money, they wouldn't be in debt today. — Pul yig'ishganida bugun qarzda bo'lishmasdi.
1-shakl: o'tmishdagi shart, hozirgi natija
Bu eng ko'p uchraydigan aralash shakl. if qismida Past Perfect (had + V3), natija qismida esa would + V turadi. Ma'nosi shunday: o'tmishda boshqacha bo'lganida, bugun ahvol boshqacha bo'lardi. Natija qismida ko'pincha now, today, still kabi so'zlar uchraydi va ular sizga to'g'ri shaklni tanlashga yordam beradi.
- If I hadn't missed that flight, I would be in London now. — O'sha reysni o'tkazib yubormaganimda hozir Londonda bo'lardim.
- If she hadn't moved abroad, we would still be close friends. — Chet elga ketmaganida hali ham yaqin do'st bo'lardik.
- If the company had invested in training, its staff would be more skilled. — Kompaniya o'qitishga sarmoya kiritganida xodimlari malakaliroq bo'lardi.
- If he hadn't broken his leg, he would be playing in today's match. — Oyog'ini sindirmaganida bugungi o'yinda o'ynayotgan bo'lardi.
| Shakl | If qismi | Natija qismi | Namuna |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sof 2-tur | Past Simple (hozir) | would + V (hozir) | If I had time, I would help. |
| Sof 3-tur | Past Perfect (o'tmish) | would have + V3 (o'tmish) | If I had had time, I would have helped. |
| Aralash 1 | Past Perfect (o'tmish) | would + V (hozir) | If I had saved, I would be rich now. |
| Aralash 2 | Past Simple (doimiy holat) | would have + V3 (o'tmish) | If I were braver, I would have said no. |
2-shakl: hozirgi holat, o'tmishdagi natija
Bunda if qismida Past Simple (yoki were) turadi va u doimiy xususiyat yoki hozir ham amal qiladigan holatni bildiradi. Natija qismi esa would have + V3 shaklida bo'lib, o'tmishdagi voqeaga ishora qiladi. Ma'nosi: men shunday odam bo'lganim uchun o'shanda shunday bo'lgan. Bu shakl odamning xarakteri yoki doimiy bilimi haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi.
- If I spoke French, I would have taken that job in Lyon. — Fransuzcha bilganimda Liondagi o'sha ishni olgan bo'lardim.
- If she weren't afraid of flying, she would have come with us last summer. — Uchishdan qo'rqmaganida o'tgan yozda biz bilan kelgan bo'lardi.
- If he were more organised, he wouldn't have lost the documents. — Ko'proq tartibli bo'lganida hujjatlarni yo'qotmagan bo'lardi.
- If I didn't live so far away, I would have visited you in hospital. — Shunchalik uzoqda yashamaganimda sizni kasalxonada ko'rgani borgan bo'lardim.
Vaqt belgilariga qarab tanlash
To'g'ri shaklni topishning eng oson yo'li - gapdagi vaqt ko'rsatkichlarini o'qish. Natija qismida now, today, at the moment, still bo'lsa, would + V kerak. Natija qismida yesterday, last year, then, at that time bo'lsa, would have + V3 kerak. if qismida ham xuddi shunday: when I was a child kabi ibora o'tmishga, in general kabi ibora doimiy holatga ishora qiladi. Imtihonda ko'pincha aynan shu belgilar orqali to'g'ri javob topiladi.
- If we had booked earlier, we would be sitting together now. — Oldinroq joy band qilganimizda hozir birga o'tirgan bo'lardik.
- If I were a better cook, I would have made dinner for everyone yesterday. — Yaxshiroq oshpaz bo'lganimda kecha hammaga ovqat tayyorlagan bo'lardim.
- If they hadn't cancelled the contract, we would have an office in Almaty. — Shartnomani bekor qilishmaganida Olmaotada ofisimiz bo'lardi.
Uslub: qayerda uchraydi
Aralash shart gaplar suhbatda ham, yozma ishda ham ishlatiladi, lekin ular ko'proq tahlil va mulohaza yuritishda qo'l keladi. Insho yozayotganda qaror qanday oqibatga olib kelganini ko'rsatish uchun juda qulay. Ish muhitida esa bo'lib o'tgan loyihani baholashda uchraydi. Suhbatda would qisqarib 'd bo'ladi, shuning uchun eshitganda diqqat qiling.
- If the government had acted sooner, the economy wouldn't be in crisis today. — Hukumat tezroq harakat qilganida bugun iqtisodiyot inqirozda bo'lmasdi.
- I'd be fluent by now if I had practised every day. — Har kuni mashq qilganimda hozirgacha ravon gapirardim.
- If our team weren't so small, we would have finished the project on time. — Jamoamiz shunchalik kichik bo'lmaganida loyihani o'z vaqtida tugatgan bo'lardik.
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
If I had taken that job, I would have lived in Paris now.
If I had taken that job, I would be living in Paris now.
now so'zi hozirgi natijani bildiradi, shuning uchun would + V kerak.
If she wouldn't be so shy, she would have asked him.
If she weren't so shy, she would have asked him.
if qismida would ishlatilmaydi; doimiy holat uchun were shakli olinadi.
If I would have known the city, I wouldn't get lost yesterday.
If I knew the city, I wouldn't have got lost yesterday.
Doimiy bilim - Past Simple, o'tmishdagi natija - would have + V3.
If he had studied harder, he will have a good job now.
If he had studied harder, he would have a good job now.
Xayoliy natijada will emas, would ishlatiladi.
Maslahatlar
- Natija qismidagi now, today, still so'zlari would + V shaklini talab qiladi.
- Natija qismidagi yesterday, last year kabi iboralar would have + V3 shaklini talab qiladi.
- if qismida would hech qachon kelmaydi - bu qoida barcha shart gaplarda bir xil.
- Ikki qismni alohida o'ylang: avval shart qaysi vaqtda, keyin natija qaysi vaqtda.
Mashqlar
If I had taken that job, I ___ in Paris now.
If she weren't afraid of flying, she ___ with us last year.
If they had saved money, they ___ be in debt now.
If he hadn't broken his leg, he ___ playing in the match now.
If I ___ the city better, I wouldn't have got lost yesterday.
If I ___ a more patient person, I would have handled that meeting better.
If we had booked earlier, we ___ sitting together now.
If the company hadn't cut the budget, we ___ have a bigger team today.
If I didn't hate crowds, I ___ to the concert with them last night.
If she had accepted the offer, she ___ working in Dubai at the moment.
If he weren't so careless, he ___ have lost his passport last week.
If I ___ practised every day, I would be fluent by now.