Third Conditional

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Yakunlangan loyihani jamoa bilan tahlil qilganda

  If we had tested the system earlier, we would have caught this bug before the launch.

  Tizimni oldinroq sinovdan o'tkazganimizda bu xatoni ishga tushirishdan oldin topgan bo'lardik.

• Do'stingizga o'tmishdagi qaroringiz uchun afsusingizni aytganda

  I would have gone with you if you had told me about the trip.

  Sayohat haqida aytganingizda siz bilan borgan bo'lardim.

• IELTS Writing Task 2 da o'tmishdagi qarorning oqibatini muhokama qilganda

  If governments had invested in renewable energy thirty years ago, the crisis would have been far less severe.

  Agar hukumatlar o'ttiz yil oldin qayta tiklanuvchi energiyaga sarmoya kiritganida, inqiroz ancha yengilroq kechgan bo'lardi.

• Yangiliklarda baxtsiz hodisaning sabablarini tushuntirganda

  According to the report, the fire would not have spread if the alarm had been working.

  Hisobotga ko'ra, signal ishlaganida yong'in tarqalmagan bo'lardi.

Tuzilish: ikki qism, ikki shakl

3-tur shart gapning if qismida Past Perfect (had + V3), natija qismida esa would have + V3 turadi. Ikkala qismning o'rnini almashtirish mumkin: if qismi oldin kelsa, vergul qo'yiladi, keyin kelsa vergul qo'yilmaydi. Inkor shakli har ikkala qismda ham oddiy yasaladi: hadn't + V3 va wouldn't have + V3. Eng muhim qoida shuki, if qismida hech qachon would ishlatilmaydi.

• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. — Agar qattiqroq o'qiganimda, imtihondan o'tgan bo'lardim.
• She wouldn't have missed the train if she had left earlier. — Erta chiqqanida poyezdni o'tkazib yubormagan bo'lardi.
• If we hadn't taken a taxi, we would have been late. — Taksiga o'tirmaganimizda kechikkan bo'lardik.
• We would have helped you if we had known about the problem. — Muammo haqida bilganimizda sizga yordam bergan bo'lardik.

Ma'no: afsus, tanqid va sabab-natija

3-tur gap har doim haqiqatning teskarisini bildiradi. Agar gapda if I had studied deyilsa, demak aslida o'qilmagan; if she hadn't left deyilsa, demak aslida ketgan. Shuning uchun bu tuzilish ko'pincha afsus, ba'zan esa tanqid yoki ta'na ma'nosini beradi. Ish natijasini tahlil qilganda ham qo'l keladi: nima bo'lgani va nima bo'lishi mumkin edi.

• If you had listened to me, this wouldn't have happened. — Meni eshitganingizda bu ish bo'lmasdi.
• The project would have succeeded if the team had planned better. — Jamoa yaxshiroq rejalashtirganida loyiha muvaffaqiyatli bo'lardi.
• If I hadn't met her at that conference, I would never have got this job. — O'sha konferensiyada u bilan uchrashmaganimda bu ishni hech qachon olmasdim.
• Nobody would have noticed if you had said nothing. — Hech narsa demaganingizda hech kim sezmagan bo'lardi.

would o'rniga could, might va may

Natija qismida faqat would have emas, boshqa modallar ham keladi va ma'no ozgina o'zgaradi. could have + V3 imkoniyat borligini, might have + V3 esa ishonchsiz ehtimolni bildiradi. Bu shakllar gapni yumshatadi: siz natijani qat'iy emas, ehtimolli qilib ko'rsatasiz. Imtihon yozma ishlarida shu xilma-xillik yuqori baholanadi.

• If you had asked me, I could have given you a lift. — So'raganingizda sizni mashinada olib ketishim mumkin edi.
• They might have won the match if their captain had played. — Kapitanlari o'ynaganida o'yinda yutishlari mumkin edi.
• If the alarm hadn't gone off, we could have died. — Signal ishlamaganida biz halok bo'lishimiz mumkin edi.
• She might not have accepted the offer if the salary had been lower. — Maosh pastroq bo'lganida u taklifni qabul qilmasligi ham mumkin edi.

Og'zaki nutq: qisqartmalar

Tabiiy nutqda would have deyarli har doim would've, had esa 'd shaklida qisqaradi. Shuning uchun I'd have called degan gapni eshitganda, u I would have called ekanini tushunish kerak. Aynan shu qisqartma tufayli ko'pchilik would've ni would of deb noto'g'ri yozadi. Yozma ishda esa to'liq shakldan foydalanish xavfsizroq.

• I'd have called you if I'd had your number. — Raqamingiz bo'lganida qo'ng'iroq qilgan bo'lardim.
• They wouldn't have come without an invitation. — Taklifsiz kelishmagan bo'lardi.
• He'd have told us if something had gone wrong. — Biror narsa noto'g'ri ketganida u bizga aytgan bo'lardi.

Rasmiy uslub: if tushirib qoldirilganda

Rasmiy yozma va ilmiy uslubda if o'rniga inversiya ishlatiladi: Had I known ... Bunda if tushib qoladi va had ega oldiga chiqadi. Bu shakl jiddiy hisobot, maqola va rasmiy xatlarda uchraydi, suhbatda esa deyarli ishlatilmaydi. Inkor shakli qisqartirilmaydi: Had it not been for ... deyiladi, Hadn't it been for ... emas.

• Had we known about the risk, we would have cancelled the trip. — Xavf haqida bilganimizda sayohatni bekor qilgan bo'lardik.
• Had it not been for your advice, I would have made a serious mistake. — Maslahatingiz bo'lmaganida jiddiy xato qilgan bo'lardim.
• The company would have avoided the loss had the report been published on time. — Hisobot o'z vaqtida chop etilganida kompaniya zarardan qochgan bo'lardi.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• If I would have known, I would have told you.

  If I had known, I would have told you.

  if qismida would ishlatilmaydi - u faqat natija qismida keladi.

• If she had left earlier, she would miss the train.

  If she had left earlier, she wouldn't have missed the train.

  O'tmishdagi natija would have + V3 bilan beriladi, shunchaki would + V bilan emas.

• I should of called you.

  I should have called you.

  Qisqartma would've / should've talaffuzi of ga o'xshaydi, lekin yozilishi doim have.

• If I hadn't have seen it, I wouldn't believe it.

  If I hadn't seen it, I wouldn't have believed it.

  if qismida faqat had + V3 bo'ladi, ortiqcha have qo'shilmaydi.

Maslahatlar

• Oddiy tekshiruv: had har doim if tomonda, would have har doim natija tomonda.
• Gapning ma'nosi doim haqiqatga teskari: if I had studied degani aslida o'qimaganman.
• Yumshoqroq natija uchun could have yoki might have ishlating.
• Rasmiy uslubda Had I known ... shaklini bilib qo'ying, imtihon transformatsiyalarida ko'p so'raladi.

Mashqlar