Make / let / allow

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Uyingizdagi qoidalarni mehmoningizga tushuntirganda

  My parents don't let me stay out after eleven o'clock.

  Ota-onam soat o'n birdan keyin tashqarida qolishimga ruxsat bermaydi.

• Ish joyidagi tartib-qoidalarni yangi xodimga aytganda

  Our manager makes everyone sign in at reception.

  Menejerimiz hammani qabulxonada ro'yxatdan o'tishga majbur qiladi.

• Xat yoki xabar oxirida yordam taklif qilganda

  Let me know if you need anything else before Friday.

  Jumagacha yana biror narsa kerak bo'lsa, menga xabar bering.

• Rasmiy e'lon yoki ogohlantirishni o'qiganda va tushuntirganda

  Visitors are not allowed to use mobile phones in this area.

  Tashrif buyuruvchilarga bu hududda mobil telefondan foydalanishga ruxsat berilmaydi.

make va let - to siz

make va let fe'llaridan keyin kishi keladi va undan keyin fe'lning asl shakli - to belgisisiz. make birovni xohlamasa ham biror ishni qilishga majbur qilishni bildiradi. let esa ruxsat berishni bildiradi va so'zlashuv tilida juda ko'p ishlatiladi. Bu ikki fe'lni bir qoida bilan eslash mumkin: make va let dan keyin to yo'q.

• My parents make me study every evening. — Ota-onam har kuni kechqurun meni o'qishga majbur qilishadi.
• Let me help you with those bags. — Qani, o'sha sumkalarni ko'tarishga yordam beray.
• She let her son play outside until dark. — U o'g'liga qorong'i tushguncha tashqarida o'ynashga ruxsat berdi.
• The film made me cry. — Film meni yig'latdi.

allow, permit va boshqa fe'llar

allow, permit, ask, tell, want, advise, expect, force, remind, teach fe'llaridan keyin kishi va to + fe'l keladi. Ular make va let dan aynan shu bilan farq qiladi. allow ma'no jihatidan let bilan bir xil, lekin rasmiyroq eshitiladi - qoidalar, e'lonlar va rasmiy hujjatlarda odatda allow ishlatiladi. force esa make ning rasmiy va kuchliroq varianti.

• They allowed us to leave early. — Ular bizga erta ketishga ruxsat berishdi.
• The teacher told us to be quiet. — O'qituvchi bizga jim bo'lishni aytdi.
• He asked me to wait in the corridor. — U mendan koridorda kutishimni so'radi.
• Passengers are not permitted to smoke on board. — Yo'lovchilarga bortda chekish taqiqlanadi.

Majhul shakli

Majhul nisbatda qoida o'zgaradi. make majhulda to oladi: He was made to wait. Bu eng ko'p xato qilinadigan nuqtalardan biri. allow ham majhulda to bilan keladi: We were allowed to enter. let esa majhul shaklga umuman ega emas - uning o'rniga be allowed to ishlatiladi: He was allowed to go, "He was let to go" emas.

• He was made to pay the money back. — U pulni qaytarishga majbur qilindi.
• We were allowed to take photos. — Bizga rasmga olishga ruxsat berildi.
• Children are not allowed to enter without an adult. — Bolalarga kattalarsiz kirishga ruxsat berilmaydi.
• The students were told to wait outside. — Talabalarga tashqarida kutish aytildi.

let ning boshqa ma'nolari

let faqat ruxsat bermaydi. Let's bilan taklif qilinadi: Let's go, let's start. Let me bilan esa biror ishni qilishga ruxsat so'raladi yoki taklif qilinadi: Let me explain, let me know. Let me know - ingliz tilidagi eng ko'p ishlatiladigan iboralardan biri: "menga xabar bering" degani. Britaniya inglizchasida let uy ijaraga berishni ham bildiradi: The flat is to let.

• Let's start the meeting. — Yig'ilishni boshlaylik.
• Let me explain the situation. — Vaziyatni tushuntirib beray.
• Let me know if you need anything. — Biror narsa kerak bo'lsa, menga xabar bering.
• Don't let him go alone. — Uni yolg'iz ketishiga yo'l qo'ymang.

help, have va get bilan solishtirish

help fe'li o'ziga xos: undan keyin to bilan ham, to siz ham kelishi mumkin - ikkalasi ham to'g'ri: He helped me (to) carry the box. have somebody do something - kimgadir ish buyurish, to siz: I had the mechanic check the car. get somebody to do something esa ko'ndirish ma'nosini beradi va to bilan keladi: I got him to help me. Bu farqlarni jadval bilan taqqoslab eslang.

• He helped me carry the box. — U menga qutini ko'tarishda yordam berdi.
• She helped me to understand the rule. — U menga qoidani tushunishda yordam berdi.
• I had the mechanic check the brakes. — Ustaga tormozlarni tekshirtirdim.
• I got my brother to lend me his car. — Akamni mashinasini berishga ko'ndirdim.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• Let him to go home.

  Let him go home.

  let dan keyin hech qachon to qo'yilmaydi.

• They made me to wait an hour.

  They made me wait an hour.

  Aniq nisbatda make dan keyin to ishlatilmaydi.

• He was made wait outside.

  He was made to wait outside.

  Majhul nisbatda esa make aksincha to talab qiladi.

• The teacher allowed us go home early.

  The teacher allowed us to go home early.

  allow dan keyin kishi va to + fe'l keladi.

Maslahatlar

• Bir jumlada eslang: make va let to ni yoqtirmaydi, allow va tell esa to ni talab qiladi.
• Majhul shaklda make to ni qaytarib oladi: was made to wait.
• let ning majhul shakli yo'q - o'rniga be allowed to ishlating.
• help fe'lida ikkala variant ham to'g'ri, shuning uchun u bilan xato qilish qiyin.

Mashqlar