Must / have to / should
Majburiyat va maslahat
must va have to majburiyatni, should esa maslahatni bildiradi. Ularning inkor shakllari bir-biridan keskin farq qiladi.
Qachon ishlatiladi
Betob do'stingizga maslahat berganda
You should stay at home and drink a lot of water.
Uyda qolishingiz va ko'p suv ichishingiz kerak.
Yangi xodimga ish qoidalarini tushuntirganda
You have to sign in at reception every morning.
Har kuni ertalab qabulxonada ro'yxatdan o'tishingiz kerak.
Muzey yoki samolyotdagi taqiqlarni o'qiganda
Visitors mustn't take photos inside the museum.
Tashrif buyuruvchilar muzey ichida surat olmasligi kerak.
Talabaga imtihonga tayyorgarlik bo'yicha tavsiya berganda
You should practise speaking every day before the exam.
Imtihondan oldin har kuni gapirishni mashq qilishingiz kerak.
Hujjat topshirish shartlarini so'raganda
Do I have to bring my original passport?
Pasportimning aslini olib kelishim shartmi?
must va have to: majburiyat
must - so'zlovchining o'zi zarur deb hisoblagan ish, ichki majburiyat. have to - tashqi qoida, qonun yoki vaziyat talabi. Ko'p hollarda ikkalasi ham to'g'ri bo'ladi va farq juda kichik. must barcha shaxslar uchun o'zgarmaydi va undan keyin to qo'yilmaydi. have to esa oddiy fe'l kabi o'zgaradi: I have to, she has to, they have to.
- I must finish this report today. — Bu hisobotni bugun tugatishim shart.
- She has to wear a uniform at work. — U ishda forma kiyishi kerak.
- You must be careful with that knife. — Bu pichoq bilan ehtiyot bo'lishingiz kerak.
- We have to pay for the tickets in advance. — Chiptalar uchun oldindan to'lashimiz kerak.
| Shakl | Tuzilishi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| must | must + V | I must go. |
| have to | have/has to + V | She has to go. |
| o'tgan zamon | had to + V | We had to go. |
| kelasi zamon | will have to + V | You will have to go. |
So'roq va o'tgan zamon
must fe'lining o'tgan zamon shakli yo'q, shuning uchun o'tmishdagi majburiyat uchun faqat had to ishlatiladi. So'roqda have to bilan do yordamchisi keladi: Do I have to pay? Did you have to wait? must bilan so'roq ham mumkin (Must I go?), lekin kundalik nutqda kamroq uchraydi va biroz rasmiy eshitiladi.
- We had to wait for an hour. — Bir soat kutishga to'g'ri keldi.
- Do I have to book a table? — Stol band qilishim kerakmi?
- Did you have to work last Saturday? — O'tgan shanba ishlashingizga to'g'ri keldimi?
- She will have to take the exam again. — U imtihonni qayta topshirishiga to'g'ri keladi.
mustn't va don't have to: katta farq
Bu ikkisi mutlaqo boshqa ma'no beradi va chalkashtirish keng tarqalgan xato. mustn't - qat'iy taqiq, ya'ni mumkin emas. don't have to - shart emas, ixtiyoriy, xohlasangiz qilasiz. You mustn't park here degani bu yerga qo'yish taqiqlangan; You don't have to park here degani esa bu yerga qo'yish shart emas.
- You mustn't smoke here. — Bu yerda chekish mumkin emas.
- You don't have to come early. — Erta kelishingiz shart emas.
- Children mustn't play with matches. — Bolalar gugurt bilan o'ynamasligi kerak.
- It's Sunday, so she doesn't have to get up early. — Yakshanba, shuning uchun u erta turishi shart emas.
| Shakl | Ma'nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| mustn't | taqiq - mumkin emas | You mustn't touch it. |
| don't have to | shart emas - ixtiyoriy | You don't have to come. |
| shouldn't | maslahat - yaxshi emas | You shouldn't eat so late. |
should: maslahat
should maslahat, tavsiya va to'g'ri deb hisoblangan ishni bildiradi. U must dan ancha yumshoq: must - shart, should - yaxshi bo'lardi. Inkor shakli shouldn't. Maslahat so'rash uchun Should I...? yoki What should I do? ishlatiladi. should dan keyin ham to qo'yilmaydi.
- You should see a doctor. — Shifokorga ko'rinsangiz yaxshi bo'lardi.
- You shouldn't drink coffee before bed. — Uxlashdan oldin qahva ichmaslik kerak.
- Should I call him now? — Hozir unga qo'ng'iroq qilaymi?
- Students should do their homework every day. — O'quvchilar har kuni uy vazifasini bajarishi kerak.
Modal fe'llarning umumiy xususiyatlari
must va should - modal fe'llar. Ularning uchta muhim xususiyati bor: uchinchi shaxs birlikda -s qo'shilmaydi (she must, she should), ulardan keyin to ishlatilmaydi, va so'roq hamda inkorda do yordamchisi kerak emas. have to esa modal emas, oddiy fe'l, shuning uchun u bu qoidalarga bo'ysunmaydi va do/does/did bilan ishlatiladi.
- He must call his mother today. — U bugun onasiga qo'ng'iroq qilishi kerak.
- She should rest more. — U ko'proq dam olishi kerak.
- Must I answer all the questions? — Hamma savolga javob berishim shartmi?
- Does he have to go now? — U hozir ketishi kerakmi?
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
She musts work today.
She must work today.
Modal fe'llarga uchinchi shaxsda -s qo'shilmaydi.
You must to go now.
You must go now.
must va should dan keyin to qo'yilmaydi.
It's Sunday, you mustn't get up early.
It's Sunday, you don't have to get up early.
mustn't taqiqni bildiradi; shart emas ma'nosi uchun don't have to kerak.
We must wait an hour yesterday.
We had to wait an hour yesterday.
must ning o'tgan zamon shakli yo'q, o'rniga had to ishlatiladi.
Maslahatlar
- mustn't - taqiq, don't have to - shart emas. Bu farqni yodda tuting.
- O'tgan zamonda faqat had to ishlatiladi: I had to leave early.
- should - yumshoq maslahat, must - qat'iy majburiyat.
- have to bilan so'roq do yordamchisi orqali tuziladi: Do you have to work?
Mashqlar
You ___ see a doctor about that cough.
She ___ work on Saturdays. It's the company rule.
You must ___ your homework before dinner.
We ___ to wait for two hours yesterday.
You ___ touch that - it's dangerous!
It's Sunday, so we ___ get up early.
You ___ eat so much sugar - it's bad for you.
___ I have to bring my passport?
What ___ I do if the bus is late?
He ___ take the medicine three times a day. The doctor said so.
Passengers ___ open the doors while the train is moving.
She will ___ to take the exam again next year.