Causative: have / get something done

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Xizmat ko'rsatish (sartaroshxona, avtoservis) haqida gapirganda

  I'm having my car serviced on Saturday, so I'll come by bus.

  Shanba kuni mashinamga xizmat ko'rsatdiryapman, shuning uchun avtobusda kelaman.

• Uy ta'miri yoki ko'chish rejasini muhokama qilganda

  We are getting the kitchen redecorated before the guests arrive.

  Mehmonlar kelishidan oldin oshxonani qayta jihozlatyapmiz.

• Ish jarayonida tashqi xizmat buyurtma qilganda

  We had the contract translated and checked by a legal specialist.

  Shartnomani tarjima qildirdik va yuridik mutaxassisga tekshirtirdik.

• Boshingizga tushgan noxush voqeani aytganda

  I had my bag stolen on the metro last week.

  O'tgan hafta metroda sumkamni o'g'irlab ketishdi.

Asosiy tuzilish va so'z tartibi

Bu tuzilishda uchta element bor: have yoki get, keyin ish bajariladigan narsa, oxirida esa V3. Kim bajargani muhim emas, muhimi ish boshqa birov tomonidan qilingan. So'z tartibi juda muhim: I had my car repaired degani mashinamni ta'mirlatdim, I had repaired my car degani esa o'zim ta'mirlagan edim. have har qanday zamonga qo'yiladi va gapdagi zamonni aynan u ko'rsatadi.

• I had my car repaired yesterday. — Kecha mashinamni ta'mirlatdim.
• We are having the house painted this week. — Bu hafta uyni bo'yattiryapmiz.
• She has had her hair cut very short. — U sochini juda kalta oldirtirdi.
• They will have the documents translated by Monday. — Ular hujjatlarni dushanbagacha tarjima qildirishadi.

have va get orasidagi farq

Ikkala fe'l ham bir xil tuzilishda ishlatiladi va ma'nosi deyarli bir xil. Farqi uslubda: get norasmiyroq va suhbatda ko'proq eshitiladi, have esa neytral va rasmiy matnda afzal. get ba'zan qo'shimcha kuch yoki harakat ma'nosini beradi: I finally got my visa renewed. Buyruq gaplarda ham odatda get ishlatiladi: Get your eyes tested.

• I need to get my laptop fixed before the trip. — Sayohatdan oldin noutbukimni tuzattirishim kerak.
• You should get your eyes tested. — Ko'zingizni tekshirtirishingiz kerak.
• The company has its accounts audited every year. — Kompaniya har yili hisoblarini auditdan o'tkazadi.
• We finally got the contract signed. — Nihoyat shartnomani imzolatdik.

Noxush voqealar haqida

Bu tuzilishning ikkinchi ma'nosi bor: sizning xohishingizsiz boshingizga tushgan noxush ish. Bunda siz hech narsa buyurmagansiz, aksincha zarar ko'rgansiz. Shakl bir xil bo'lgani uchun ma'noni kontekst belgilaydi. Bu ma'noda odatda have ishlatiladi, lekin get ham uchraydi.

• He had his phone stolen on the bus. — Uning telefonini avtobusda o'g'irlab ketishdi.
• They had their flight cancelled at the last minute. — Ularning reysi oxirgi daqiqada bekor qilindi.
• She had her application rejected twice. — Uning arizasi ikki marta rad etildi.
• We got our windows broken during the storm. — Bo'ron paytida derazalarimiz sindirildi.

Odam bilan ishlatilganda: have someone do, get someone to do

Agar ishni kim bajarishini aytmoqchi bo'lsangiz, tuzilish o'zgaradi. have + kishi + fe'lning asl shakli ishlatiladi: I had the mechanic check the brakes. get bilan esa to qo'shiladi: I got the mechanic to check the brakes. have varianti ko'proq buyruq, get varianti ko'ndirish ma'nosini beradi. make + kishi + fe'l esa majburlashni bildiradi.

• I had the technician install the software. — Dasturni texnikka o'rnattirdim.
• She got her brother to help with the move. — Ko'chishda akasini yordam berishga ko'ndirdi.
• The manager had us work late on Friday. — Menejer bizni juma kuni kech qolib ishlattirdi.
• I couldn't get the printer to work. — Printerni ishlata olmadim.

Uslub va qayerda uchraydi

Bu tuzilish kundalik hayot haqida gapirganda juda ko'p ishlatiladi: sartaroshxona, avtoservis, shifoxona, ta'mirlash. Ish muhitida esa tashqi xizmatlar haqida gapirganda kerak bo'ladi: hujjat tarjima qildirish, audit o'tkazish, dizayn buyurtma qilish. Imtihonda ko'pincha oddiy gapni shu tuzilishga aylantirish so'raladi: Someone stole my bike - I had my bike stolen.

• We are having the office redecorated next month. — Kelasi oy ofisni qayta jihozlatyapmiz.
• How often do you have your car serviced? — Mashinangizga qanchalik tez-tez xizmat ko'rsatdirasiz?
• I had my CV checked by a professional before I applied. — Ariza berishdan oldin rezyumemni mutaxassisga tekshirtirdim.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• I had repaired my car at the garage.

  I had my car repaired at the garage.

  So'z tartibi muhim: have + narsa + V3, aks holda ma'no o'zgaradi.

• She had her hair cutting yesterday.

  She had her hair cut yesterday.

  Uchinchi element V-ing emas, V3 bo'lishi kerak.

• I got my brother help me.

  I got my brother to help me.

  get + kishi bilan to qo'shiladi, have + kishi bilan esa qo'shilmaydi.

• He had stolen his phone on the bus.

  He had his phone stolen on the bus.

  Birinchi gap u o'g'irlagan degan ma'noni beradi - so'z tartibiga diqqat qiling.

Maslahatlar

• Yodda tuting: have / get + NARSA + V3, narsa doim o'rtada turadi.
• get norasmiy suhbat uchun, have neytral va rasmiy matn uchun.
• Kim bajarganini aytsangiz: have + kishi + fe'l, get + kishi + to + fe'l.
• Bu tuzilish noxush voqea haqida ham ishlatiladi: I had my bag stolen.

Mashqlar