Phrasal verbs
Frazal fe'llar
Frazal fe'l - fe'l va zarracha (up, out, on, off) birikmasi bo'lib, ko'pincha alohida so'zlarning ma'nosidan butunlay farq qiladigan yangi ma'no beradi.
Qachon ishlatiladi
Kundalik tartibingizni yangi tanishingizga tasvirlaganda
I get up at six and set off for work at seven.
Men oltida turaman va yettida ishga jo'nayman.
Telefonda uchrashuvni boshqa kunga ko'chirganda
Sorry, we'll have to put the meeting off until next week.
Kechirasiz, yig'ilishni kelasi haftagacha kechiktirishimizga to'g'ri keladi.
Uy-ro'zg'or texnikasidagi muammoni ustaga aytganda
The washing machine has broken down again.
Kir yuvish mashinasi yana buzilib qoldi.
Yangi jamoada o'zingizni qanday his qilayotganingizni aytganda
I get on really well with my new colleagues.
Men yangi hamkasblarim bilan juda yaxshi til topishaman.
Frazal fe'l nima
Frazal fe'l fe'l va kichik so'zning (zarracha yoki predlog) birikmasidan iborat. Muhimi shundaki, uning ma'nosini qismlaridan chiqarib bo'lmaydi. give up alohida olganda "bermoq" va "yuqoriga" degani, birga esa "tashlamoq, voz kechmoq" ma'nosini beradi. Shuning uchun frazal fe'lni butunligicha, yangi so'z sifatida yodlash kerak. So'zlashuv tilida ular rasmiy sinonimlardan ko'ra ko'proq ishlatiladi.
- He gave up smoking last year. — U o'tgan yili chekishni tashladi.
- I need to find out the truth. — Men haqiqatni bilib olishim kerak.
- We had to put off the meeting until Friday. — Yig'ilishni jumagacha kechiktirishga to'g'ri keldi.
- The car broke down on the motorway. — Mashina avtomagistralda buzilib qoldi.
Eng ko'p ishlatiladiganlari
Quyidagi frazal fe'llar kundalik nutqda deyarli har kuni uchraydi va ularni birinchi navbatda o'rganish tavsiya etiladi. Ularni mavzu bo'yicha guruhlab yodlash osonroq: kundalik tartib (get up, wake up), texnika (turn on, turn off), muloqot (call back, hang up), reja (put off, call off). Jadvalda eng zarurlari o'zbekcha ma'nosi bilan berilgan.
- I get up at seven every day. — Men har kuni yettida turaman.
- Turn off the light before you leave. — Chiqishdan oldin chiroqni o'chiring.
- She is looking for her glasses. — U ko'zoynagini qidiryapti.
- I'll call you back in ten minutes. — O'n daqiqadan keyin sizga qayta qo'ng'iroq qilaman.
| Frazal fe'l | Ma'nosi | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| get up | Uyqudan turmoq | I get up early. |
| give up | Tashlamoq, voz kechmoq | He gave up football. |
| look for | Qidirmoq | I'm looking for my keys. |
| look after | Qaramoq, parvarish qilmoq | She looks after her sister. |
| find out | Bilib olmoq | I found out the answer. |
| put off | Kechiktirmoq | They put off the trip. |
| turn on / off | Yoqmoq / o'chirmoq | Turn on the TV. |
| get on with | Til topishmoq | I get on with my colleagues. |
Ajraladigan va ajralmaydigan fe'llar
Ba'zi frazal fe'llar ajraladi: to'ldiruvchi fe'l bilan zarracha orasiga ham, zarrachadan keyin ham kelishi mumkin. Turn off the TV va Turn the TV off - ikkalasi ham to'g'ri. Ajralmaydigan fe'llarda esa to'ldiruvchi doim zarrachadan keyin turadi: I'm looking for my keys (looking my keys for xato). Odatda predlogli birikmalar (look for, look after, get on with) ajralmaydi.
- Turn off the TV. / Turn the TV off. — Televizorni o'chiring.
- She took off her coat. / She took her coat off. — U paltosini yechdi.
- I am looking for my keys. — Kalitlarimni qidiryapman.
- He looks after his grandmother. — U buvisiga qaraydi.
Olmosh bilan so'z tartibi
Bu eng muhim qoida: agar to'ldiruvchi olmosh bo'lsa (it, them, him, her, me, us), ajraladigan frazal fe'lda u doim fe'l bilan zarracha orasida turadi. Turn it off - to'g'ri, turn off it - xato. Bu qoidada istisno yo'q. Ajralmaydigan fe'llarda esa olmosh ham zarrachadan keyin qoladi: I'm looking for them. Shuning uchun yangi frazal fe'lni yodlaganda uning ajraladigan yoki ajralmaydiganini ham belgilab qo'ying.
- Turn it off, it's too loud. — Uni o'chiring, juda baland.
- I'll pick them up at eight. — Ularni soat sakkizda olib ketaman.
- Don't throw it away! — Uni tashlab yubormang!
- I'm looking for them everywhere. — Ularni hamma yerdan qidiryapman.
| Gap | To'g'rimi | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| Turn off the radio. | To'g'ri | Ot zarrachadan keyin kelishi mumkin |
| Turn the radio off. | To'g'ri | Ot o'rtada ham kelaveradi |
| Turn it off. | To'g'ri | Olmosh doim o'rtada |
| Turn off it. | Xato | Olmosh zarrachadan keyin kelmaydi |
Uslub: frazal fe'l yoki bir so'zli fe'l
Frazal fe'llarning ko'pchiligida bir so'zli, rasmiyroq sinonimi bor: find out - discover, put off - postpone, give up - abandon, look into - investigate. So'zlashuvda, xat va xabarlarda frazal fe'l tabiiyroq eshitiladi; ilmiy maqola va rasmiy hujjatlarda esa bir so'zli varianti afzal. Shuning uchun ikkala variantni ham bilish foydali - qaysi birini tanlash vaziyatga bog'liq.
- We had to call off the concert. (so'zlashuv) — Konsertni bekor qilishga to'g'ri keldi.
- The concert was cancelled. (rasmiy) — Konsert bekor qilindi.
- The police are looking into the case. — Politsiya ishni tekshiryapti.
- The committee is investigating the case. — Qo'mita ishni tekshirmoqda.
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
Turn off it, please.
Turn it off, please.
Olmosh doim fe'l bilan zarracha orasida turadi.
I am looking my keys for.
I am looking for my keys.
look for ajralmaydigan frazal fe'l, to'ldiruvchi for dan keyin keladi.
She is looking after of her sister.
She is looking after her sister.
look after dan keyin qo'shimcha predlog kerak emas.
He gave up to smoke.
He gave up smoking.
Zarracha yoki predlogdan keyin fe'l -ing shaklida keladi.
Maslahatlar
- Frazal fe'lni bo'laklab emas, butun ibora sifatida yodlang - ma'nosi alohida so'zlardan chiqmaydi.
- Olmosh doim o'rtada: turn it off, pick them up, throw it away.
- Predlogli birikmalar (look for, look after, get on with) ajralmaydi.
- Frazal fe'ldan keyin ikkinchi fe'l kelsa, u -ing shaklida bo'ladi: give up smoking.
Mashqlar
I usually ___ up at 6 o'clock.
She is looking ___ her glasses.
Please turn ___ the lights when you leave.
He ___ up smoking two years ago.
Turn ___ , it's too loud.
We had to put ___ the meeting until Friday.
My sister looks ___ our grandmother every weekend.
I'll ___ you back as soon as I'm free.
I want to find ___ what really happened.
The car broke ___ on the way to Samarkand.
He gave up ___ late at night.
I get on well ___ my new colleagues.