This / that / these / those

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Do'konda mahsulotni ko'rsatib narx so'raganda

  How much is this? And how much are those shoes?

  Bu qancha turadi? Anavi tuflilar-chi, qancha?

• Telefonda o'zini tanishtirganda

  Hello, this is Nodira from the language centre.

  Assalomu alaykum, bu til markazidan Nodira.

• Mehmonni oila a'zolari bilan tanishtirganda

  This is my brother, and these are my parents.

  Bu mening akam, bular esa ota-onam.

• Sayohatda gid diqqatga sazovor joyni ko'rsatganda

  That building over there is very old.

  Anavi binoning yoshi juda katta.

To'rtta so'z, ikkita savol

this va these - so'zlovchiga yaqin narsalar uchun, ya'ni "bu". that va those - uzoqdagi narsalar uchun, ya'ni "anavi" yoki "u". this va that birlik, these va those esa ko'plik. Demak, har safar ikki savolga javob berasiz: yaqinmi yoki uzoqmi, bittami yoki ko'pmi.

• This is my phone. — Bu mening telefonim.
• These books are heavy. — Bu kitoblar og'ir.
• That house is beautiful. — Anavi uy chiroyli.
• Those shoes are expensive. — Anavi tuflilar qimmat.

Otdan oldin va ot o'rnida

Bu so'zlar ikki xil ishlaydi. Birinchisi - ot oldida aniqlovchi bo'lib keladi: this car, those girls. Ikkinchisi - otsiz, mustaqil olmosh bo'lib keladi: This is expensive. Ikkala holatda ham ma'no bir xil bo'ladi. Ot bilan kelganda these va those dan keyin ot albatta ko'plikda turishi kerak.

• This bag is mine. — Bu sumka meniki.
• That is very interesting. — Bu juda qiziq.
• These apples are fresh. — Bu olmalar yangi.
• I want those, not these. — Men anavilarni xohlayman, bularni emas.

Fe'l bilan moslashuv

this va that bilan is ishlatiladi, these va those bilan esa are. Bu qoida ko'p xatoga sabab bo'ladi, shuning uchun eslab qoling: ko'plik so'z - ko'plik fe'l. Savol shakli ham shunga mos: Is this ...? va Are these ...?

• Is this your bag? — Bu sizning sumkangizmi?
• Are those your friends? — Anavilar sizning do'stlaringizmi?
• These are my keys. — Bular mening kalitlarim.

Telefonda va tanishtirishda

Odamni tanishtirganda this ishlatiladi: This is my friend, Aziz. Telefonda o'zini tanishtirganda ham this is deyiladi. Bu ingliz tilining barqaror ifodasi va uni yod olish kerak. Ko'p odamni tanishtirsangiz these ishlatiladi.

• This is my friend, Aziz. — Bu mening do'stim, Aziz.
• Hello, this is Laylo speaking. — Assalomu alaykum, bu Laylo.
• These are my parents. — Bular mening ota-onam.

Vaqt haqida gapirganda

Bu so'zlar vaqt uchun ham ishlatiladi. this hozirgi yoki yaqin vaqtni bildiradi: this week, this morning, this year. that esa o'tgan yoki uzoqroq vaqtni: that day, that summer. Bu yerda ham "yaqin - uzoq" mantiqi saqlanadi.

• I am busy this week. — Bu hafta men bandman.
• We met that evening. — Biz o'sha kechqurun uchrashgandik.
• These days I study a lot. — Bu kunlarda men ko'p o'qiyapman.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• This books are new.

  These books are new.

  books - ko'plik, shuning uchun this emas, these kerak.

• These is my pen.

  This is my pen.

  Bitta narsa haqida gap ketyapti: this is.

• Those apples is sweet.

  Those apples are sweet.

  Ko'plik ko'rsatish olmoshi bilan are ishlatiladi.

• Hello, I am Laylo speaking.

  Hello, this is Laylo speaking.

  Telefonda o'zini tanishtirishda barqaror ifoda - this is.

Maslahatlar

• these - this ning ko'pligi, those - that ning ko'pligi.
• these da uzun "iiz" tovushi, this da qisqa "i" - talaffuzda farqlang.
• this/that bilan is, these/those bilan are ishlatiladi.
• Do'konda narsa so'raganda foydali: How much is this? / How much are these?

Mashqlar