Plural nouns

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Bozorda yoki do'konda xarid qilganda

  I need two kilos of tomatoes and three onions.

  Menga ikki kilo pomidor va uchta piyoz kerak.

• Guruhdagi odamlar sonini aytganda

  There are twenty students and two teachers in our group.

  Bizning guruhimizda yigirmata talaba va ikkita o'qituvchi bor.

• Sayohatga jo'nashdan oldin narsalar ro'yxatini tuzganda

  I packed three shirts, two pairs of shoes and my keys.

  Men uchta ko'ylak, ikki juft tufli va kalitlarimni joyladim.

• Shifokorga og'riq haqida gapirganda

  My teeth hurt and my feet are very cold.

  Tishlarim og'riyapti va oyoqlarim juda sovuq.

Asosiy qoida: -s qo'shish

Ko'pchilik otga oddiygina -s qo'shiladi: book - books, car - cars, student - students. O'zbekchadagi -lar qo'shimchasi kabi ishlaydi, lekin sanoq son bilan ham ishlatiladi. O'zbekchada "uchta kitob" deymiz, inglizchada esa three books, ya'ni ko'plik shakl majburiy.

• one car - two cars — bitta mashina - ikkita mashina
• I have three books. — Mening uchta kitobim bor.
• There are five students here. — Bu yerda beshta talaba bor.

Imlo qoidalari

Ba'zi otlarda -s emas, -es qo'shiladi. Bu -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x va ba'zi -o bilan tugagan otlarga tegishli: bus - buses, watch - watches, box - boxes, potato - potatoes. Undoshdan keyin -y kelsa, y harfi i ga aylanadi va -es qo'shiladi: city - cities. Lekin unlidan keyingi -y o'zgarmaydi: boy - boys.

• one watch - three watches — bitta soat - uchta soat
• one country - many countries — bitta davlat - ko'p davlatlar
• one boy - two boys — bitta o'g'il bola - ikkita o'g'il bola
• one box - four boxes — bitta quti - to'rtta quti

Qoidasiz ko'plik

Ba'zi otlar umuman -s olmaydi, balki butunlay o'zgaradi. Ularni yod olishdan boshqa yo'l yo'q, lekin ular soni ko'p emas va juda tez-tez ishlatiladi. Eng muhimlari: man - men, woman - women, child - children, person - people, foot - feet, tooth - teeth, mouse - mice.

• man - men, woman - women — erkak - erkaklar, ayol - ayollar
• child - children, person - people — bola - bolalar, odam - odamlar
• foot - feet, tooth - teeth — oyoq - oyoqlar, tish - tishlar
• There are many people in the street. — Ko'chada ko'p odam bor.

O'zgarmaydigan va sanalmaydigan otlar

Bir nechta ot birlikda ham, ko'plikda ham bir xil bo'ladi: one fish - two fish, one sheep - two sheep. Boshqa bir guruh otlar esa umuman sanalmaydi va ko'plik shakliga ega emas: water, money, bread, information, advice. Ular bilan doim birlik fe'l ishlatiladi: The information is useful.

• I saw two sheep in the field. — Men dalada ikkita qo'y ko'rdim.
• The water is cold. — Suv sovuq.
• I need some information. — Menga ma'lumot kerak.

Ko'plik bilan fe'l moslashuvi

Ko'plik ot bilan are ishlatiladi, birlik bilan esa is. Present Simple da ham ko'plik ega bilan fe'lga -s qo'shilmaydi: The boys play football. Ko'rsatish olmoshi ham moslashadi: these books, those cars. Shuning uchun otni ko'plikka qo'yganda gapning qolgan qismini ham tekshirib chiqing.

• The boys play football every day. — O'g'il bolalar har kuni futbol o'ynashadi.
• These shoes are new. — Bu tuflilar yangi.
• My teeth hurt. — Tishlarim og'riyapti.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• I have two childs.

  I have two children.

  child qoidasiz ot, uning ko'pligi children.

• There are many peoples here.

  There are many people here.

  people o'zi ko'plik, unga yana -s qo'shilmaydi.

• I have three book.

  I have three books.

  Sanoq sondan keyin ham ot ko'plikda bo'lishi shart.

• The informations are useful.

  The information is useful.

  information sanalmaydi, ko'plik shakli yo'q va birlik fe'l oladi.

Maslahatlar

• Ko'plik ot bilan are, ko'rsatish olmoshida these/those ishlatiladi.
• Ba'zi otlar o'zgarmaydi: one fish - two fish, one sheep - two sheep.
• Undoshdan keyingi -y doim -ies ga aylanadi, unlidan keyingi -y esa yo'q.
• Qoidasiz ko'pliklarni ro'yxat qilib yod oling, ular ko'p emas.

Mashqlar