Personal pronouns

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Oila a'zolari haqida do'stingizga gapirib berganda

  This is my sister. She works in a hospital.

  Bu mening singlim. U shifoxonada ishlaydi.

• Ofisda hamkasb haqida ma'lumot berganda

  Mr Karimov is our manager. He is in a meeting now.

  Karimov aka bizning menejerimiz. U hozir yig'ilishda.

• Ob-havo haqida kundalik suhbat qurganda

  It is very hot today, so we are staying at home.

  Bugun juda issiq, shuning uchun biz uyda qolyapmiz.

• Universitetda guruh loyihasini taqdim qilganda

  We are students of group 204 and we work together.

  Biz 204-guruh talabalarimiz va birga ishlaymiz.

Yetti olmosh va ularning ma'nosi

Ingliz tilida yettita ega olmoshi bor. I - men, you - sen va siz, he - u (erkak kishi), she - u (ayol kishi), it - u (narsa yoki hayvon), we - biz, they - ular. O'zbek tilida bitta "u" olmoshi bor, inglizchada esa uchta: he, she, it. Shuning uchun kim haqida gapirayotganingizni doim o'ylab tanlash kerak.

• Ali is my friend. He lives in Tashkent. — Ali mening do'stim. U Toshkentda yashaydi.
• Laylo is a nurse. She works at night. — Laylo hamshira. U tunda ishlaydi.
• The book is new. It is very interesting. — Kitob yangi. U juda qiziqarli.
• My parents are doctors. They work in a hospital. — Ota-onam shifokor. Ular shifoxonada ishlashadi.

Ega tushib qolmaydi

O'zbekchada "Keldi" yoki "Yaxshi o'qiydi" deb ega aytilmasligi mumkin, chunki fe'l qo'shimchasi kimligini ko'rsatadi. Ingliz tilida esa bunday bo'lmaydi: har bir gapda ega bo'lishi shart. Shuning uchun He came, She studies well deb aytiladi. Faqat buyruq gaplarda ega yozilmaydi.

• He came home late. — U uyga kech keldi.
• It is raining now. — Hozir yomg'ir yog'yapti.
• We live in a small village. — Biz kichik qishloqda yashaymiz.

you - ham sen, ham siz

you olmoshi birlikda ham, ko'plikda ham bir xil yoziladi va o'qiladi. Bir kishiga ham, ko'pchilikka ham you deyish mumkin. U bilan doim are ishlatiladi, hatto bitta odam haqida gapirilsa ham. Ko'plikni aniq ko'rsatish uchun og'zaki nutqda you all yoki all of you deyishadi.

• You are my best friend. — Sen mening eng yaqin do'stimsan.
• You are all welcome. — Barchangiz marhamat.
• Are you free tomorrow? — Ertaga bo'shmisiz?

it olmoshining maxsus vazifasi

it faqat narsa va hayvonlarni emas, ob-havo, vaqt va masofani ham bildiradi. It is cold, It is five o'clock, It is far from here kabi gaplarda it hech narsani anglatmaydi, lekin baribir yozilishi shart. Bu ingliz tilining muhim qoidasi: gap egasiz qolmaydi.

• It is hot in summer. — Yozda issiq bo'ladi.
• It is seven o'clock. — Soat yetti.
• It is Monday today. — Bugun dushanba.

I harfi va olmoshlarni birlashtirish

I olmoshi gapning qayerida bo'lishidan qat'i nazar doim katta harf bilan yoziladi. Ikki kishi haqida gapirganda "X and I" deyiladi va bu we ga teng bo'ladi. Ismlar ko'rsatilganda esa ular she, he yoki they ga almashadi.

• My sister and I are students. We study together. — Singlim bilan men talabamiz. Biz birga o'qiymiz.
• Tom and Ana are here. They are waiting. — Tom va Ana bu yerda. Ular kutishyapti.
• I think I am right. — Menimcha men haqman.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• Is a good teacher.

  He is a good teacher.

  Inglizchada ega majburiy, uni tushirib qoldirib bo'lmaydi.

• My mother, he works in a school.

  My mother, she works in a school.

  mother - ayol kishi, shuning uchun she; he faqat erkaklar uchun.

• The dog is big. He is friendly. (hayvonni bilmasak)

  The dog is big. It is friendly.

  Jinsi noma'lum hayvon va narsalar uchun it ishlatiladi.

• me and my friend are students

  My friend and I are students.

  Ega o'rnida me emas, I keladi va boshqa odam birinchi aytiladi.

Maslahatlar

• Gap boshida bo'lmasa ham I olmoshi doim katta harf bilan yoziladi.
• Ob-havo, vaqt va sana haqida gapirganda doim it ishlatiladi.
• Ko'plikdagi hamma narsa uchun - odam ham, narsa ham - they ishlatiladi.
• Olmoshni tanlashda avval kim yoki nima haqida gapirayotganingizni ayting.

Mashqlar