Articles: a / an / the

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Yangi ish joyida kasbini aytganda

  I am a teacher and I work at a school in Namangan.

  Men o'qituvchiman va Namangandagi maktabda ishlayman.

• Kafeda buyurtma berganda

  Can I have a coffee and the menu, please?

  Menga bir qahva va menyu bersangiz bo'ladimi?

• Ko'chada yo'l so'raganda

  Is there a bank near here? - Yes, the bank is on the left.

  Yaqinda bank bormi? - Ha, bank chap tomonda.

• Maktabda insho yoki hikoya yozganda

  I saw a dog in the park. The dog was very friendly.

  Men parkda it ko'rdim. It juda mehribon edi.

a va an ni tanlash

Birinchi marta tilga olinayotgan sanaladigan birlik ot oldida a yoki an turadi. Tanlov harfga emas, tovushga qarab qilinadi. Agar so'z undosh tovush bilan boshlansa a, unli tovush bilan boshlansa an qo'yiladi. Shuning uchun a university (chunki "yu" tovushi) va an hour (chunki h o'qilmaydi) deyiladi.

• I saw a dog in the street. — Men ko'chada bitta it ko'rdim.
• She is an engineer. — U muhandis.
• It takes an hour. — Bu bir soat oladi.
• He works at a university. — U universitetda ishlaydi.

the qachon ishlatiladi

the artikli tinglovchi qaysi narsa haqida gap ketayotganini bilganda ishlatiladi. Bu uch holatda bo'ladi: narsa ikkinchi marta eslatilganda, vaziyatdan aniq bo'lganda va dunyoda yagona bo'lganda. Masalan, xonada bitta eshik bo'lsa, Close the door deymiz. Yagona narsalar oldida ham doim the turadi: the sun, the moon, the internet.

• I bought a book. The book was cheap. — Men kitob sotib oldim. Kitob arzon edi.
• Close the door, please. — Iltimos, eshikni yoping.
• The sun is bright today. — Bugun quyosh yorqin.
• The teacher is in the classroom. — O'qituvchi sinfda.

Artikl kerak bo'lmagan hollar

Ko'plik va sanalmaydigan otlar umumiy ma'noda kelganda artikl qo'yilmaydi: I like music, Cats are clever. Shuningdek, shahar, davlat va ko'pchilik atoqli otlar oldida ham artikl yo'q: I live in Tashkent. Ovqat nomlari va til nomlari ham artiklsiz ishlatiladi: I have breakfast at seven, She speaks English.

• I like music. — Men musiqani yaxshi ko'raman.
• Cats are clever animals. — Mushuklar aqlli hayvonlar.
• We live in Samarkand. — Biz Samarqandda yashaymiz.
• She speaks English very well. — U ingliz tilida juda yaxshi gapiradi.

Kasb va tavsif

Kimningdir kasbini aytganda birlikda albatta a yoki an ishlatiladi: She is a teacher, He is an actor. Bu o'zbekcha tafakkurdan farq qiladi, chunki biz "U o'qituvchi" deymiz. Ko'plikda esa artikl qo'yilmaydi: They are teachers.

• My father is a doctor. — Otam shifokor.
• She is an artist. — U rassom.
• They are students. — Ular talaba.

a va the farqini his qilish

Farqni oddiy savol bilan tekshiring: tinglovchi qaysi narsa haqida gapirayotganimni biladimi? Agar bilsa - the, bilmasa - a. Hikoyada birinchi jumla ko'pincha a bilan, keyingilari the bilan keladi. Shuning uchun a bilan mavzu ochiladi, the bilan davom ettiriladi.

• There is a cat in the garden. The cat is black. — Bog'da mushuk bor. Mushuk qora.
• I need a pen. Can I take the pen on your desk? — Menga ruchka kerak. Stolingizdagi ruchkani olsam bo'ladimi?
• He bought a car. The car is very fast. — U mashina sotib oldi. Mashina juda tez.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• She is teacher.

  She is a teacher.

  Kasb birlikda aytilganda a yoki an majburiy.

• I like the music.

  I like music.

  Umumiy ma'nodagi sanalmaydigan ot oldida artikl qo'yilmaydi.

• I have a informations.

  I have some information.

  information sanalmaydi, ko'plik shakli ham, a artikli ham bo'lmaydi.

• He works at an university.

  He works at a university.

  university "yu" undosh tovushi bilan boshlanadi, shuning uchun a.

Maslahatlar

• Ko'plik va sanalmaydigan otlar oldida a/an ishlatilmaydi: I like music (a music emas).
• Kasb aytilganda artikl kerak: She is a teacher.
• Tanlashda harfga emas, tovushga qarang: an hour, a university.
• Yagona narsalar doim the bilan: the sun, the moon, the sky.

Mashqlar