Subjunctive

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Rasmiy majlis bayonnomasi yoki qarorida talabni yozganda

  The board moved that the resolution be adopted without amendment.

  Kengash qaror o'zgartirishsiz qabul qilinishini taklif qildi.

• Tibbiy yoki ekspert xulosasida tavsiya berganda

  The consultant recommended that the patient remain under observation overnight.

  Mutaxassis bemorni tun bo'yi kuzatuvda qoldirishni tavsiya qildi.

• Rasmiy shikoyat xatida qat'iy talab qo'yganda

  We insist that the invoice be corrected before any further payment is made.

  Keyingi to'lov amalga oshirilishidan oldin hisob-faktura tuzatilishini talab qilamiz.

• Universitet nizomi yoki ichki qoidalar matnida majburiy shartni bergan joyda

  It is a requirement that every thesis be submitted in electronic form.

  Har bir dissertatsiya elektron shaklda topshirilishi talab qilinadi.

• Ish elektron xatida xushmuomala, ammo qat'iy iltimos bildirganda

  I would ask that no decision be taken until the audit is complete.

  Audit tugagunga qadar hech qanday qaror qabul qilinmasligini so'ragan bo'lardim.

Mandativ subjunktiv: shakli va chaqiruvchi fe'llar

Subjunktivda that-gapdagi fe'l hech qanday qo'shimcha olmaydi: uchinchi shaxs birlikda ham -s yozilmaydi va zamon ko'rsatkichi yo'q. Uni chaqiradigan asosiy fe'llar: suggest, propose, recommend, demand, insist, request, require, urge, order, move (rasmiy majlisda). Muhim jihati shundaki, asosiy fe'l o'tgan zamonda bo'lsa ham, that-gapdagi fe'l o'zgarmaydi - zamon moslashuvi ishlamaydi. Shuning uchun He demanded that she leave gapida leave o'tgan zamonga o'tmaydi.

• The auditor recommended that the company revise its accounting policy. — Auditor kompaniyaga buxgalteriya siyosatini qayta ko'rib chiqishni tavsiya qildi.
• The regulator insisted that the bank tighten its lending criteria. — Regulyator bankdan kredit berish mezonlarini qat'iylashtirishni talab qildi.
• It was moved that the motion be put to a vote immediately. — Taklif darhol ovozga qo'yilishi haqida iltimos bildirildi.
• The court ordered that all records remain sealed for ten years. — Sud barcha yozuvlar o'n yil davomida yopiq qolishini buyurdi.

Sifat va otlar bilan: It is essential that ...

Subjunktivni faqat fe'llar emas, ma'lum sifatlar va otlar ham chaqiradi. Sifatlar: essential, vital, crucial, imperative, important, necessary, desirable, advisable. Otlar: demand, request, recommendation, requirement, proposal, insistence, suggestion. Ot bilan ishlatilganda tuzilish odatda ot + that + subjunktiv shaklida bo'ladi: their demand that he resign. Bu qolip rasmiy nizom, shartnoma va siyosiy matnlarda juda tez-tez uchraydi.

• It is imperative that no one enter the site before the inspection. — Tekshiruvdan oldin hech kim ob'ektga kirmasligi shart.
• Their demand that the minister resign was rejected outright. — Vazir iste'foga chiqsin degan talablari butunlay rad etildi.
• It is crucial that the sample be stored at a constant temperature. — Namuna o'zgarmas haroratda saqlanishi juda muhim.
• The requirement that all data be anonymised applies to every study. — Barcha ma'lumotlar anonimlashtirilishi kerakligi talabi har bir tadqiqotga taalluqli.

Inkor, majhul nisbat va should varianti

Inkorda do / does / did ishlatilmaydi: not to'g'ridan-to'g'ri fe'l oldiga qo'yiladi - We recommend that he not travel alone. Majhul nisbatda be + V3 qolipi ishlaydi: It is essential that the form be signed. Britaniya inglizchasida ko'pincha should qo'shiladi va ma'no o'zgarmaydi; Amerika inglizchasida esa toza subjunktiv ustunroq. Norasmiy britancha nutqda oddiy indikativ ham eshitiladi (It is essential that everyone is on time), lekin rasmiy yozuvda subjunktiv xavfsizroq tanlov.

• The panel recommended that the applicant not be contacted directly. — Komissiya nomzod bilan bevosita bog'lanilmasligini tavsiya qildi.
• It is vital that the evidence be preserved in its original form. — Dalillar asl holida saqlanishi hayotiy muhim.
• The union demanded that no employee should be dismissed without notice. — Kasaba uyushmasi hech bir xodim ogohlantirishsiz ishdan bo'shatilmasligini talab qildi.
• He asked that his name not be mentioned in the report. — U hisobotda ismi tilga olinmasligini so'radi.

were-subjunktiv va lest

Ikkinchi tur subjunktiv - were shakli. U haqiqatga zid faraz bildiradi va rasmiy uslubda I / he / she / it bilan ham were talab qiladi: If I were you, as if she were in charge, I wish it were simpler. If tushirilganda inversiya yuz beradi: Were it not for the subsidy ... Bundan tashqari lest bog'lovchisi ham subjunktiv talab qiladi va xavfning oldini olish ma'nosini beradi: lest the data be lost. Lest juda rasmiy, asosan yuridik va akademik matnlarda uchraydi.

• Were it not for the subsidy, the airline would already have collapsed. — Subsidiya bo'lmaganida, aviakompaniya allaqachon barbod bo'lardi.
• The files were duplicated lest the originals be destroyed in transit. — Asl nusxalar yo'lda yo'q bo'lib ketmasin deb fayllardan nusxa olindi.
• He spoke as though he were the only witness to the accident. — U go'yo halokatning yagona guvohidek gapirardi.
• If this claim were true, the entire theory would need revising. — Agar bu da'vo rost bo'lsa edi, butun nazariyani qayta ko'rib chiqish kerak bo'lardi.

Barqaror iboralar va uslub

Subjunktivning eski shakllari bir qancha qotib qolgan iboralarda saqlanib qolgan: Be that as it may (Shunday bo'lsa-da), Come what may (Nima bo'lsa ham), So be it (Mayli, shunday bo'lsin), Suffice it to say (Shuni aytish kifoya), Far be it from me to ... (Menga ... aslo yarashmaydi), God bless you. Bu iboralarni qismlarga ajratib tahlil qilish shart emas - ular butunligicha yodlanadi. Uslub jihatidan subjunktiv rasmiy: do'stona xatda I suggest you take a break deb aytgan tabiiyroq bo'ladi.

• Be that as it may, the decision of the board stands. — Shunday bo'lsa-da, kengashning qarori kuchida qoladi.
• Suffice it to say that the results were not reproducible. — Shuni aytish kifoyaki, natijalarni qaytadan olish imkoni bo'lmadi.
• Far be it from me to question the author's expertise. — Muallifning malakasini shubha ostiga olish menga aslo yarashmaydi.
• Informal: I suggest you take a break before the next session. — Norasmiy: Keyingi mashg'ulotdan oldin dam olishingizni maslahat beraman.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• I suggest that he goes to the doctor.

  I suggest that he go to the doctor.

  Subjunktivda uchinchi shaxs birlikda -s qo'shilmaydi; goes indikativ shakl bo'lib, rasmiy uslubda xato hisoblanadi.

• They demanded that the report doesn't be published.

  They demanded that the report not be published.

  Subjunktiv inkorida do / does / did ishlatilmaydi - not to'g'ridan-to'g'ri fe'l oldiga qo'yiladi.

• He suggested me to call her immediately.

  He suggested that I call her immediately.

  suggest fe'li to'ldiruvchi + to-infinitiv qolipini qabul qilmaydi; that-gap yoki gerund (suggested calling) ishlatiladi.

• The doctor insisted that she stayed in bed for a week.

  The doctor insisted that she stay in bed for a week.

  insist talab ma'nosida subjunktiv oladi; stayed shakli esa faktni tasdiqlash ma'nosini beradi va boshqa gap chiqadi.

Maslahatlar

• insist va suggest ikki xil ma'noda ishlaydi: insist that he be present (talab - subjunktiv), insist that he was present (tasdiq - oddiy zamon).
• be fe'li hech qachon o'zgarmaydi: I insist that she be informed, It is essential that they be ready.
• Amerika inglizchasida toza subjunktiv, Britaniya inglizchasida should + fe'l ko'proq ishlatiladi - ikkalasi ham to'g'ri.
• Do'stona suhbatda subjunktiv o'rniga oddiy qolipni tanlang: Why don't you take a break yoki I suggest you take a break.

Mashqlar