Reported questions and commands

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Ish suhbatidan keyin do'stingizga savollarni aytib berganda

  They asked me why I had left my previous job and whether I could start in June.

  Ular nega oldingi ishimdan ketganimni va iyunda boshlay olamanmi, deb so'rashdi.

• Mijoz so'rovini elektron xatda boshliqqa yetkazganda

  The client asked whether we could extend the deadline by two weeks.

  Mijoz muddatni ikki haftaga uzaytira olamizmi, deb so'radi.

• Jurnalist yoki politsiya hisobotini yozganda

  Witnesses were asked if they had seen anyone leaving the building.

  Guvohlardan binodan kimdir chiqqanini ko'rgan-ko'rmaganliklari so'raldi.

• Ota-ona bolaga o'qituvchining topshirig'ini aytganda

  Your teacher told you not to forget your homework again.

  O'qituvchingiz uy vazifangizni yana unutmaslikni aytdi.

Savollarni yetkazish: so'z tartibi

O'zga savolda uchta o'zgarish bo'ladi. Birinchidan, so'z tartibi darak gapdagidek bo'ladi: ega oldin, fe'l keyin. Ikkinchidan, do, does va did butunlay yo'qoladi. Uchinchidan, zamon bir qadam orqaga siljiydi va savol belgisi qo'yilmaydi. So'roq so'z bo'lsa u o'z o'rnida qoladi.

• Where do you live? - He asked where I lived. — Qayerda yashaysiz? - U qayerda yashashimni so'radi.
• What time does the film start? - She asked what time the film started. — Film soat nechada boshlanadi? - U film soat nechada boshlanishini so'radi.
• Why did you leave early? - They asked why I had left early. — Nega erta ketding? - Ular nega erta ketganimni so'rashdi.
• How much does it cost? - He wanted to know how much it cost. — Qancha turadi? - U qancha turishini bilmoqchi bo'ldi.

Yes/No savollar: if va whether

So'roq so'zi yo'q savollarda if yoki whether qo'shiladi. Ikkalasi ham bir xil ma'noni beradi, lekin whether rasmiyroq va ikki variant qarama-qarshi qo'yilganda afzal ko'riladi: whether to stay or go. or not bilan ham odatda whether ishlatiladi. Predlogdan keyin va to + fe'l oldidan faqat whether keladi.

• Are you ready? - She asked if I was ready. — Tayyormisiz? - U tayyor ekanimni so'radi.
• Did you call him? - They asked whether I had called him. — Unga qo'ng'iroq qildingmi? - Ular unga qo'ng'iroq qilganimni so'rashdi.
• The manager asked whether or not we could finish by Friday. — Menejer jumagacha tugata olamizmi-yo'qmi deb so'radi.
• I am not sure whether to accept the offer. — Taklifni qabul qilishni bilmayapman.

Buyruq, iltimos va maslahat

Buyruqni yetkazganda tell yoki ask + kishi + to + fe'l shakli ishlatiladi. tell buyruq va ko'rsatma uchun, ask esa iltimos uchun qo'llanadi. Inkor shaklida not to + fe'l yoziladi. Boshqa fe'llar ham bor: order rasmiy buyruq, warn ogohlantirish, advise maslahat, remind eslatish uchun ishlatiladi. Bu fe'llardan keyin to'ldiruvchi shart: He told me to wait, He told to wait emas.

• Close the door. - He told me to close the door. — Eshikni yop. - U menga eshikni yopishni aytdi.
• Please help me. - She asked me to help her. — Iltimos, menga yordam bering. - U mendan yordam so'radi.
• Don't be late. - She told us not to be late. — Kechikmanglar. - U bizga kechikmaslikni aytdi.
• You should see a doctor. - He advised me to see a doctor. — Shifokorga ko'rinishingiz kerak. - U menga shifokorga ko'rinishni maslahat berdi.

Shaxs, joy va vaqt so'zlari

Gapni yetkazayotganda faqat fe'l emas, olmosh va vaqt so'zlari ham o'zgaradi. I - he yoki she, my - his yoki her bo'ladi. Vaqt so'zlarida today - that day, tomorrow - the next day, yesterday - the day before shakliga o'tadi. here - there, this - that bo'ladi. Ammo agar gap o'sha kuni va o'sha joyda yetkazilayotgan bo'lsa, bu o'zgarishlar shart emas.

• Are you coming tomorrow? - He asked if I was coming the next day. — Ertaga kelasanmi? - U ertasi kuni kelishimni so'radi.
• Did you see my keys here? - She asked if I had seen her keys there. — Kalitlarimni shu yerda ko'rdingmi? - U kalitlarini o'sha yerda ko'rganimni so'radi.
• I will call you tonight. - He said he would call me that night. — Bugun kechqurun qo'ng'iroq qilaman. - U o'sha kecha qo'ng'iroq qilishini aytdi.

Rasmiy uslub va imtihon topshiriqlari

O'zga savol ish yozishmalarida va rasmiy hisobotlarda ko'p uchraydi: The client asked whether the delivery could be delayed. Imtihonlarda esa to'g'ri gapni o'zga gapga aylantirish topshirig'i klassik hisoblanadi. Bunda uchta narsani tekshiring: so'z tartibi, zamon siljishi va olmoshlar. Agar aytilgan fikr hozir ham to'g'ri bo'lsa, zamonni siljitmaslik mumkin: He said the Earth is round.

• The client asked whether the delivery could be postponed. — Mijoz yetkazib berishni kechiktirish mumkinmi, deb so'radi.
• The teacher reminded us to bring our dictionaries. — O'qituvchi bizga lug'atlarimizni olib kelishni eslatdi.
• He said that water boils at 100 degrees. — U suv 100 darajada qaynashini aytdi.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• She asked me where did I live.

  She asked me where I lived.

  O'zga savolda did tushadi va so'z tartibi darak gapdagidek bo'ladi.

• He told to me to wait outside.

  He told me to wait outside.

  tell fe'lidan keyin to'g'ridan-to'g'ri to'ldiruvchi keladi, to qo'shilmaydi.

• They told us to not be late.

  They told us not to be late.

  Inkor shaklida not to ning oldiga qo'yiladi.

• I asked him that he was ready.

  I asked him if he was ready.

  Yes/No savolda that emas, if yoki whether ishlatiladi.

Maslahatlar

• O'zga savolda savol belgisi qo'yilmaydi: He asked where I lived.
• do, does, did o'zga gapda butunlay yo'qoladi.
• Predlogdan keyin faqat whether: It depends on whether he comes.
• say fe'lidan keyin to'ldiruvchi qo'yilmaydi, tell fe'lidan keyin esa shart.

Mashqlar