A few / a little / a lot of

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Do'konga borishdan oldin xarid ro'yxatini muhokama qilganda

  We need a little sugar and a few eggs for the cake.

  Tort uchun bizga ozgina shakar va bir nechta tuxum kerak.

• Yangi shaharda qanday yashayotganingizni aytganda

  I have a few friends here, so I don't feel lonely at all.

  Bu yerda bir nechta do'stim bor, shuning uchun o'zimni yolg'iz his qilmayman.

• Ish yukingiz haqida hamkasbingizga shikoyat qilganda

  I have very little time this week because of the deadline.

  Muddat yaqinlashgani uchun bu hafta vaqtim juda oz.

• Tadbir qanday o'tganini tasvirlab berganda

  There were a lot of people at the conference, but few students.

  Konferensiyada ko'p odam bor edi, lekin talabalar juda kam edi.

Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar

Miqdor so'zini to'g'ri tanlash uchun avval ot qaysi turga kirishini bilish kerak. Sanaladigan otlarni sanash mumkin va ular ko'plik shakliga ega: books, cars, people, ideas. Sanalmaydigan otlarni esa sanab bo'lmaydi va ular doim birlikda turadi: water, money, time, information, advice, news, furniture. Oxirgi to'rttasi o'zbek tilida sanaladigandek tuyulgani uchun tez-tez xato qilinadi.

• I need some information about the course. — Menga kurs haqida ma'lumot kerak.
• She gave me some useful advice. — U menga foydali maslahat berdi.
• There are three books on the table. — Stolda uchta kitob bor.
• We don't have much time left. — Bizda ko'p vaqt qolmadi.

a few va a little

a few sanaladigan otlar bilan kelib "bir nechta" degan ma'noni beradi, a little esa sanalmaydigan otlar bilan "ozgina" ma'nosini beradi. Ikkalasi ham ijobiy ohangda: kam bo'lsa ham bor. Shuning uchun "I have a few friends" gapida hech qanday shikoyat yo'q - do'stlarim bor, ko'p bo'lmasa ham. a little ni ovqat retseptlarida va iltimoslarda ko'p uchratasiz.

• I have a few friends in London. — Londonda bir nechta do'stim bor.
• Add a little salt to the soup. — Shorvaga ozgina tuz qo'shing.
• Can I have a little more water, please? — Menga yana ozgina suv bersangiz?
• We still have a few minutes before the train leaves. — Poyezd jo'nashiga hali bir necha daqiqa bor.

few va little (a siz)

a artiklini olib tashlasangiz, ma'no salbiy tomonga o'zgaradi: "juda kam, deyarli yo'q". "He has a few friends" - do'stlari bor; "He has few friends" - do'stlari deyarli yo'q. Bu farq juda muhim, chunki bitta harf butun jumlaning ohangini o'zgartiradi. a siz shakllar ko'proq rasmiy va yozma uslubda uchraydi; so'zlashuvda ular o'rniga not many va not much ishlatiladi.

• He has few friends, so he feels lonely. — Uning do'stlari juda kam, shuning uchun o'zini yolg'iz his qiladi.
• We have little time, so hurry up! — Vaqtimiz juda oz, shoshiling!
• She has a little money, so she can buy lunch. — Uning ozgina puli bor, shuning uchun tushlik olishi mumkin.
• She has little money, so she can't buy lunch. — Uning puli juda oz, shuning uchun tushlik ololmaydi.

much, many va a lot of

much va many odatda inkor va so'roq gaplarda ishlatiladi: Do you have many friends? I don't have much money. Tasdiq gaplarda ular rasmiy eshitiladi, shuning uchun so'zlashuvda a lot of yoki lots of afzal ko'riladi. a lot of ikkala tur ot bilan ham keladi, shuning uchun ishonchsiz bo'lganingizda uni tanlash xavfsiz. How much va How many savollarida esa bu farq qat'iy saqlanadi.

• There are a lot of cars on the road today. — Bugun yo'lda juda ko'p mashina bor.
• I don't have much free time this week. — Bu hafta bo'sh vaqtim ko'p emas.
• How many students are there in your group? — Guruhingizda nechta talaba bor?
• How much sugar do you want in your tea? — Choyingizga qancha shakar solay?

Boshqa foydali miqdor so'zlari

plenty of - yetarlicha ko'p, ijobiy ohangda: There is plenty of room. enough - yetarli, ot oldida keladi, sifatdan keyin esa keyin turadi: enough money, old enough. too much va too many - haddan ziyod, salbiy ohangda. several - bir nechta, faqat sanaladigan otlar bilan. Bu so'zlarning hammasi of siz ham, of bilan ham kelishi mumkin: a lot of people, but a lot.

• There is plenty of room for everyone. — Hamma uchun joy yetarli.
• I don't have enough money for a taxi. — Taksiga puldan yetarli emas.
• There are too many people in this room. — Bu xonada odam haddan ziyod ko'p.
• I have spoken to him several times. — Men u bilan bir necha marta gaplashganman.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• I have a little friends in London.

  I have a few friends in London.

  friends sanaladigan ko'plik ot, shuning uchun a few kerak.

• How many money do you need?

  How much money do you need?

  money sanalmaydigan ot, u bilan much ishlatiladi.

• She gave me many advices.

  She gave me a lot of advice.

  advice sanalmaydigan, uning ko'plik shakli yo'q va many bilan kelmaydi.

• There are a lot people here.

  There are a lot of people here.

  a lot iborasi ot oldida kelganda of tushib qolmaydi.

Maslahatlar

• Ikkilansangiz a lot of ni tanlang - u sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ham ishlaydi.
• a bor - ijobiy, a yo'q - salbiy: a few / few, a little / little.
• information, advice, news, money, furniture, time sanalmaydigan - ularni ko'plikka qo'ymang.
• much va many ni ko'proq inkor va so'roqda ishlating, tasdiqda a lot of tabiiyroq.

Mashqlar