Present Perfect Continuous
Hozirgi tugallangan davomli zamon
Bu zamon o'tmishda boshlanib hozirgacha davom etayotgan ishni bildiradi va harakatning natijasiga emas, uning davomiyligi va jarayoniga urg'u beradi.
Qachon ishlatiladi
Ish suhbatida tajribangiz haqida gapirganda
I have been working in sales for five years.
Men besh yildan beri savdo sohasida ishlayapman.
Kechikkaningizni tushuntirib uzr so'raganda
Sorry, I've been looking for a parking space for twenty minutes.
Kechirasiz, yigirma daqiqadan beri to'xtash joyi qidiryapman.
Do'stingizning charchagan ko'rinishiga izoh berganda
You look exhausted. Have you been studying all night?
Juda charchagan ko'rinasiz. Tun bo'yi o'qidingizmi?
Til kursida o'zingizni tanishtirganda
I've been learning English since I was twelve.
Men o'n ikki yoshimdan beri ingliz tilini o'rganyapman.
Yasalishi
Bu zamon uch qismdan iborat: have yoki has, o'zgarmas been va asosiy fe'lning -ing shakli. I, you, we, they bilan have, he, she, it bilan has ishlatiladi. Inkor shakli haven't been / hasn't been, so'roqda esa have yoki has ega oldiga chiqadi: Have you been waiting long? Og'zaki nutqda qisqartmalar juda ko'p uchraydi: I've been, she's been.
- I have been studying English for three years. — Men uch yildan beri ingliz tilini o'rganyapman.
- She has been working here since 2020. — U 2020-yildan beri shu yerda ishlaydi.
- They haven't been feeling well lately. — Ular so'nggi paytda o'zlarini yaxshi his qilishmayapti.
- Have you been waiting long? — Uzoq kutdingizmi?
| Ega | Shakl | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | have been + V-ing | We have been talking. |
| he / she / it | has been + V-ing | He has been talking. |
| Inkor | haven't / hasn't been + V-ing | She hasn't been sleeping well. |
| So'roq | Have / Has + ega + been + V-ing? | Has it been raining? |
for va since bilan davomiylik
Bu zamonning asosiy vazifasi - ish qancha vaqtdan beri davom etayotganini aytish. for davomiylik muddatini bildiradi: for two hours, for a week, for ages. since esa boshlanish nuqtasini: since Monday, since 2015, since I was a child. How long savoli deyarli har doim shu zamon bilan beriladi: How long have you been learning English?
- How long have you been learning English? — Qanchadan beri ingliz tilini o'rganyapsiz?
- We have been driving for six hours. — Olti soatdan beri mashina haydayapmiz.
- He has been living here since he was a child. — U bolaligidan beri shu yerda yashaydi.
- It has been raining all day. — Kun bo'yi yomg'ir yog'yapti.
Present Perfect bilan farqi
Present Perfect natijaga, Present Perfect Continuous esa jarayonga urg'u beradi. "I have painted the kitchen" - ish tugadi, natija ko'rinib turibdi. "I have been painting the kitchen" - bo'yaganim bilan bandman, hali tugamagan bo'lishi mumkin. Shuningdek natija qancha ekanini aytganda (three books, ten emails) Present Perfect kerak; qancha vaqt ketganini aytganda esa davomli shakl kerak.
- I have read three books this month. (natija) — Bu oyda uchta kitob o'qidim.
- I have been reading all morning. (jarayon) — Ertalabdan beri o'qiyapman.
- She has written ten emails today. — U bugun o'nta xat yozdi.
- She has been writing emails since nine o'clock. — U soat to'qqizdan beri xat yozyapti.
| Savol | Zamon | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| How many? Nechta? | Present Perfect | I have made five calls. |
| How long? Qancha vaqt? | Present Perfect Continuous | I have been making calls for an hour. |
| Natija muhimmi? | Present Perfect | He has cleaned the car. |
| Jarayon muhimmi? | Present Perfect Continuous | He has been cleaning the car. |
Yaqinda tugagan ish va uning izi
Bu zamon endigina tugagan, lekin izi ko'rinib turgan ish uchun ham ishlatiladi. Masalan kimdir charchagan ko'rinsa yoki kiyimi iflos bo'lsa, siz sababni shu zamon bilan tushuntirasiz. Bunday holatda for yoki since umuman kerak emas - ish yaqinda tugagani va natijasi hozir ko'rinib turgani muhim. Bu qo'llanish so'zlashuv tilida juda tez-tez uchraydi.
- You look tired. - Yes, I have been working all night. — Charchagan ko'rinasiz. - Ha, tun bo'yi ishladim.
- Her eyes are red; she has been crying. — Uning ko'zlari qizargan; u yig'lagan.
- The ground is wet - it has been raining. — Yer ho'l - yomg'ir yog'gan ekan.
- Sorry, I'm late - I have been looking for a parking space. — Kechirasiz, kechikdim - joy qidirib yurdim.
Holat fe'llari bilan ishlatilmaydi
know, understand, believe, love, hate, want, need, belong, seem kabi holat fe'llari davomli shaklda ishlatilmaydi. Shuning uchun "I have been knowing him" xato bo'ladi - to'g'risi "I have known him for years". Bu holatlar allaqachon davomiylikni o'zida saqlaydi. live va work fe'llari esa istisno: ular bilan ikkala shakl ham deyarli bir xil ma'no beradi.
- I have known him since school. — Men uni maktabdan beri bilaman.
- She has had that car for ten years. — Uning o'sha mashinasi o'n yildan beri bor.
- We have lived here for five years. = We have been living here for five years. — Biz bu yerda besh yildan beri yashaymiz.
- They have wanted a house for a long time. — Ular uzoq vaqtdan beri uy istashadi.
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
I am studying English for three years.
I have been studying English for three years.
O'tmishdan hozirgacha davom etgan ish uchun Present Continuous emas, have been + V-ing kerak.
I have been knowing him for years.
I have known him for years.
know holat fe'li, u davomli shaklda ishlatilmaydi.
She has been working here since ten years.
She has been working here for ten years.
Muddat uchun for, boshlanish nuqtasi uchun since ishlatiladi.
He has been read three books.
He has read three books.
Natija soni aytilganda davomli emas, oddiy Present Perfect kerak.
Maslahatlar
- been so'zi hech qachon o'zgarmaydi - faqat have va has almashadi.
- How long? savoliga javob berayotgan bo'lsangiz, deyarli har doim shu zamon kerak.
- Aniq son aytsangiz (three books, five emails) - davomli shaklni ishlatmang.
- for + muddat, since + nuqta: for two hours, since Monday.
Mashqlar
I ___ been waiting for an hour.
She has been ___ here since morning.
They have been living here ___ ten years.
He ___ been studying all night.
I ___ him since childhood.
It has been ___ since this morning and the streets are wet.
How long ___ you been learning English?
We have been friends ___ 2015.
She has ___ five emails this morning.
Your hands are dirty! What ___ ?
He hasn't ___ sleeping well lately.
They ___ for the bus for twenty minutes and it still hasn't come.