Articles: advanced use

Qachon ishlatiladi

• IELTS Writing Task 1 da umumiy tendensiyani tasvirlaganda

  Young people spend far more time online than older generations do.

  Yoshlar internetda katta avlodga qaraganda ancha ko'p vaqt o'tkazadi.

• Sayohat haqida gapirganda va geografik nomlarni ishlatganda

  We flew over the Alps on our way to the Netherlands.

  Niderlandiyaga ketayotib Alp tog'lari ustidan uchdik.

• Kundalik suhbatda kundalik ishlar haqida gapirganda

  My daughter goes to school by bus and I go to work by metro.

  Qizim maktabga avtobusda, men esa ishga metroda boraman.

• Rasmiy hujjat yoki xabarda aniq narsaga ishora qilganda

  The government has approved the new rules on foreign investment.

  Hukumat xorijiy sarmoya bo'yicha yangi qoidalarni tasdiqladi.

Umumlashtirish: artiklsiz ko'plik

Umuman biror toifa haqida gapirilganda ko'plik ot yoki sanalmaydigan ot artiklsiz ishlatiladi. Agar the qo'shsangiz, ma'no torayadi va aniq bir guruh nazarda tutiladi. Bu farq o'zbek tilida ko'rinmaydi, shuning uchun xato ko'p bo'ladi. Umumlashtirishning yana ikki yo'li bor: a + birlik ot va the + birlik ot, lekin ular rasmiyroq va ilmiy matnga xos.

• Books are more expensive than they used to be. — Kitoblar ilgarigidan qimmatroq.
• The books on this shelf belong to my sister. — Bu javondagi kitoblar singlimniki.
• Life is short, so choose your work carefully. — Hayot qisqa, shuning uchun ishingizni ehtiyotkorlik bilan tanlang.
• The tiger is an endangered species. — Yo'lbars yo'qolib borayotgan tur hisoblanadi.

Atoqli otlar bilan the

Geografik nomlarning bir qismi the bilan, bir qismi artiklsiz ishlatiladi. Daryo, dengiz, okean, tog' tizmalari, orollar guruhi va ko'plikdagi davlat nomlari the oladi: the Amu Darya, the Alps, the USA, the Netherlands. Shahar, ko'cha, ko'l, tog' cho'qqisi va oddiy davlat nomlari esa artiklsiz: Tashkent, Lake Aydar, Uzbekistan. Muzey, mehmonxona, teatr va gazeta nomlari odatda the oladi.

• We sailed down the Amu Darya to the Aral Sea. — Biz Amudaryo bo'ylab Orol dengizigacha suzdik.
• The Netherlands is smaller than Uzbekistan. — Niderlandiya O'zbekistondan kichikroq.
• She works at the British Museum in London. — U Londondagi Britaniya muzeyida ishlaydi.
• They climbed Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in the Caucasus. — Ular Kavkazdagi eng baland cho'qqi - Elbrus tog'iga chiqishdi.

Barqaror iboralar: artiklsiz shakllar

Ko'p barqaror iboralarda artikl umuman ishlatilmaydi. Muassasa o'z vazifasi ma'nosida kelsa artikl tushadi: go to school, be in hospital, go to prison, be at university. Transport vositalari by bilan kelganda ham artiklsiz: by car, by bus, by plane. Vaqt iboralarida ham shunday: at night, at noon, in spring. Bu iboralarni qoida sifatida emas, tayyor birlik sifatida yodlash kerak.

• My son goes to school by bus every morning. — O'g'lim har kuni ertalab maktabga avtobusda boradi.
• She is in hospital after the accident. — Baxtsiz hodisadan keyin u kasalxonada yotibdi.
• I went to the hospital to visit my aunt. — Ammamni ko'rgani kasalxonaga bordim.
• We usually travel by train at night. — Biz odatda kechasi poyezdda sayohat qilamiz.

Ma'no farqini yaratadigan artikllar

Ba'zi iboralarda artikl butunlay boshqa ma'no beradi. go to school o'qish uchun borishni, go to the school esa binoga borishni bildiradi. in bed uxlash uchun yotishni, in the bed esa shunchaki karavotda bo'lishni bildiradi. Musiqa asboblari bilan the ishlatiladi: play the piano, sport turlari bilan esa artikl yo'q: play football. Ovqat nomlari ham artiklsiz: have breakfast.

• He is at university studying law. — U universitetda huquq o'qiyapti.
• I parked at the university and walked home. — Men universitet oldiga mashinani qo'yib, uyga piyoda ketdim.
• She plays the violin and her brother plays basketball. — U skripka chaladi, akasi esa basketbol o'ynaydi.
• We had breakfast early and then went to work. — Biz erta nonushta qildik va keyin ishga ketdik.

Birinchi va ikkinchi eslatish, noyob narsalar

Narsa birinchi marta tilga olinganda a yoki an, ikkinchi marta esa the ishlatiladi. Kontekstda yagona bo'lgan narsalar ham the oladi: the sun, the government, the internet. Orttirma daraja va tartib sonlar bilan doim the keladi: the best, the first. Gapda ot aniqlovchi ergash gap bilan aniqlanayotgan bo'lsa ham the qo'yiladi: the man who called you.

• I saw a strange bird in the garden. The bird had a long red beak. — Bog'da g'alati qush ko'rdim. Qushning uzun qizil tumshug'i bor edi.
• The government announced the new rules yesterday. — Hukumat kecha yangi qoidalarni e'lon qildi.
• This is the best presentation I have ever seen. — Bu men ko'rgan eng yaxshi taqdimot.
• The woman who interviewed me was very friendly. — Men bilan suhbat o'tkazgan ayol juda samimiy edi.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• The children need a lot of sleep.

  Children need a lot of sleep.

  Umumlashtirishda ko'plik ot artiklsiz ishlatiladi.

• He plays piano very well.

  He plays the piano very well.

  Musiqa asboblari bilan the qo'yiladi, sport turlari bilan esa qo'yilmaydi.

• I go to the work by metro.

  I go to work by metro.

  go to work - barqaror ibora, artikl olmaydi.

• She lives in United States.

  She lives in the United States.

  Ko'plikdagi davlat nomlari the bilan ishlatiladi.

Maslahatlar

• Umumiy ma'no - artiklsiz; aniq guruh - the.
• Muassasa vazifasi uchun artiklsiz, bino uchun the: in hospital va at the hospital.
• by car, by bus, at night kabi iboralarni butun holicha yodlang.
• Orttirma daraja va tartib sonlar oldida doim the turadi.

Mashqlar