Passive voice: present and past

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Mahsulot qayerda va qanday tayyorlanganini tushuntirganda

  These carpets are made in Samarkand completely by hand.

  Bu gilamlar Samarqandda butunlay qo'lda to'qiladi.

• Politsiyaga yoki sug'urta kompaniyasiga hodisani xabar qilganda

  My phone was stolen on the bus yesterday evening.

  Telefonim kecha kechqurun avtobusda o'g'irlandi.

• Mehmonlarga tarixiy joyni ko'rsatib, ekskursiya qilganda

  This mosque was built in the fifteenth century and restored in 2005.

  Bu masjid o'n beshinchi asrda qurilgan va 2005-yilda ta'mirlangan.

• Laboratoriya hisoboti yoki ilmiy ishni yozganda

  The samples were kept at room temperature for two days.

  Namunalar ikki kun davomida xona haroratida saqlandi.

Aniq nisbatdan majhulga o'tish

Aniq nisbatdagi gapni majhulga aylantirish uchun uch qadam bajariladi. Birinchidan, to'ldiruvchi ega o'rniga chiqadi. Ikkinchidan, fe'l be + V3 shakliga o'tadi va be zamonga hamda yangi eganing soniga qarab tanlanadi. Uchinchidan, eski ega kerak bo'lsa by bilan gap oxiriga qo'yiladi. Masalan: Shakespeare wrote this play -> This play was written by Shakespeare.

• They clean the office every day. -> The office is cleaned every day. — Ofis har kuni tozalanadi.
• Someone stole my bike. -> My bike was stolen. — Velosipedim o'g'irlandi.
• They built these houses in 1990. -> These houses were built in 1990. — Bu uylar 1990-yilda qurilgan.
• People speak English here. -> English is spoken here. — Bu yerda ingliz tilida gapirishadi.

be fe'lini to'g'ri tanlash

Majhul nisbatda asosiy ish be fe'lini to'g'ri tanlashda. Yangi ega birlik bo'lsa hozirgi zamonda is, o'tgan zamonda was; ko'plik bo'lsa are va were. Asosiy fe'l esa hech qachon o'zgarmaydi - u doim V3 shaklida qoladi. Inkor shakli be dan keyin not qo'yish bilan yasaladi: is not built, were not sent. So'roqda be ega oldiga chiqadi: Was the letter sent?

• The room is cleaned every morning. — Xona har kuni ertalab tozalanadi.
• These shoes are made in Italy. — Bu poyabzallar Italiyada tayyorlanadi.
• The window was not broken by the children. — Deraza bolalar tomonidan sindirilmagan.
• Were the documents signed yesterday? — Hujjatlar kecha imzolanganmi?

Qachon majhul nisbat ishlatiladi

Majhul nisbat to'rt holatda tabiiy eshitiladi. Bajaruvchi noma'lum bo'lsa: My phone was stolen. Bajaruvchi ahamiyatsiz bo'lsa: The bridge was built in 2005. Bajaruvchi umumiy "odamlar" bo'lsa: Rice is eaten all over Asia. Va nihoyat rasmiy, ilmiy yoki yangiliklar uslubida, e'tiborni jarayonga qaratish uchun: The samples were heated to 60 degrees. Kundalik so'zlashuvda esa aniq nisbat ko'proq ishlatiladi.

• My wallet was stolen on the bus. — Hamyonim avtobusda o'g'irlandi.
• The results will be announced on Friday. — Natijalar juma kuni e'lon qilinadi.
• Rice is grown in many Asian countries. — Guruch ko'plab Osiyo mamlakatlarida yetishtiriladi.
• The samples were heated to sixty degrees. — Namunalar oltmish darajagacha qizdirildi.

by bilan bajaruvchi

by iborasi faqat bajaruvchi haqiqatan ham muhim bo'lganda qo'shiladi - odatda bu mashhur shaxs yoki kutilmagan bajaruvchi bo'ladi. Majhul gaplarning taxminan 80 foizida by umuman ishlatilmaydi. Agar bajaruvchi someone, people, they kabi umumiy so'z bo'lsa, uni aytish ortiqcha. Asbob yoki vosita uchun esa by emas, with ishlatiladi: The door was opened with a key.

• The novel was written by Cho'lpon. — Roman Cho'lpon tomonidan yozilgan.
• The cake was made by my grandmother. — Tortni buvim tayyorlagan.
• The letter was opened with a knife. — Xat pichoq bilan ochilgan.
• The road was closed. (kim yopgani muhim emas) — Yo'l yopildi.

Qaysi fe'llar majhulga aylanmaydi

Faqat to'ldiruvchi oladigan, ya'ni o'timli fe'llar majhulga aylantiriladi. O'timsiz fe'llar - go, come, arrive, happen, sleep, die, fall - majhul shaklga ega emas. Shuning uchun "The accident was happened" xato bo'ladi; to'g'risi "The accident happened". Shuningdek have (ega bo'lmoq), be, seem, fit kabi ba'zi fe'llar o'timli bo'lsa ham majhulda ishlatilmaydi.

• The accident happened last night. — Baxtsiz hodisa kecha kechqurun sodir bo'ldi.
• He arrived at ten o'clock. — U soat o'nda yetib keldi.
• The book was published last year. (o'timli - to'g'ri) — Kitob o'tgan yili nashr etilgan.
• She has a new car. (majhul shakli yo'q) — Uning yangi mashinasi bor.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• The house built in 1990.

  The house was built in 1990.

  Majhul nisbatda be fe'li tushib qolmaydi - u majburiy qism.

• The letters was sent yesterday.

  The letters were sent yesterday.

  be fe'li yangi eganing soniga qarab tanlanadi: letters ko'plik, shuning uchun were.

• The bridge was build in 2005.

  The bridge was built in 2005.

  be dan keyin fe'lning asl shakli emas, V3 keladi: build - built.

• The accident was happened yesterday.

  The accident happened yesterday.

  happen o'timsiz fe'l, uning majhul shakli umuman yo'q.

Maslahatlar

• Majhul formulasini ikki qismga bo'lib eslang: to'g'ri be + o'zgarmas V3.
• by ni faqat bajaruvchi haqiqatan qiziqarli bo'lganda qo'shing.
• Notekis fe'llarning uchinchi ustuni bu mavzuda eng muhim - uni muntazam takrorlang.
• Gapni majhulga aylantirishdan oldin fe'lning to'ldiruvchisi bor-yo'qligini tekshiring.

Mashqlar