Passive in all tenses
Majhul nisbat barcha zamonlarda
Majhul nisbatda be fe'li zamonga qarab o'zgaradi, asosiy fe'l esa doim V3 shaklida qoladi. Shu qoida barcha zamonlar va modallar uchun bir xil ishlaydi.
Qachon ishlatiladi
Ilmiy ish yoki laboratoriya hisobotida jarayonni tasvirlaganda
The samples were collected in March and analysed in a certified laboratory.
Namunalar mart oyida yig'ildi va sertifikatlangan laboratoriyada tahlil qilindi.
Yangiliklar matnida bajaruvchi noma'lum bo'lganda
Three people have been injured in a fire in the city centre.
Shahar markazidagi yong'inda uch kishi jarohat oldi.
Ish xatida noxush xabarni yumshoq yetkazganda
Unfortunately, your application has not been accepted on this occasion.
Afsuski, bu safar arizangiz qabul qilinmadi.
Qoida va ko'rsatmalar matnini yozganda
All devices must be switched off before the equipment is serviced.
Uskunaga xizmat ko'rsatishdan oldin barcha qurilmalar o'chirilishi kerak.
Mijozga buyurtmasi holati haqida xabar berganda
Your order is being prepared and will be delivered on Thursday.
Buyurtmangiz tayyorlanmoqda va payshanba kuni yetkazib beriladi.
Asosiy qoida va yasalishi
Majhul gapni yasash uchun aniq nisbatdagi to'ldiruvchi ega o'rniga chiqariladi. Keyin fe'l be + V3 shakliga o'tkaziladi va be aynan asl gapdagi zamonga qo'yiladi. Ish bajaruvchisini ko'rsatish kerak bo'lsa, by bilan qo'shiladi, lekin ko'pincha u tushirib qoldiriladi. Faqat o'timli fe'llar majhul shaklga o'tadi: happen, arrive, sleep kabi fe'llarda majhul bo'lmaydi.
- The committee reviews every application. - Every application is reviewed. — Qo'mita har bir arizani ko'rib chiqadi. - Har bir ariza ko'rib chiqiladi.
- The report has been finished ahead of schedule. — Hisobot muddatidan oldin tugatildi.
- The contract was signed by both directors. — Shartnoma ikkala direktor tomonidan imzolandi.
- The road is being repaired at the moment. — Yo'l ayni paytda ta'mirlanmoqda.
| Zamon | Aniq nisbat | Majhul nisbat |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They clean the office. | The office is cleaned. |
| Present Continuous | They are cleaning the office. | The office is being cleaned. |
| Past Simple | They cleaned the office. | The office was cleaned. |
| Past Continuous | They were cleaning the office. | The office was being cleaned. |
| Present Perfect | They have cleaned the office. | The office has been cleaned. |
| Past Perfect | They had cleaned the office. | The office had been cleaned. |
| Future Simple | They will clean the office. | The office will be cleaned. |
| Future Perfect | They will have cleaned the office. | The office will have been cleaned. |
| Modal | They must clean the office. | The office must be cleaned. |
Modallar va to + be + V3
Modal fe'llardan keyin majhul shakl be + V3 bo'ladi: must be done, should be checked, can be seen. O'tmishga oid modalda esa have been + V3 ishlatiladi: must have been stolen. to bilan keladigan tuzilishlarda to be + V3 shakli qo'llanadi: I want this to be finished today. Bu shakllar ko'rsatma, qoida va talablar matnida juda ko'p uchraydi.
- This form must be signed before you leave. — Bu blanka ketishingizdan oldin imzolanishi kerak.
- The password should be changed every three months. — Parol har uch oyda o'zgartirilishi kerak.
- The documents must have been sent to the wrong address. — Hujjatlar noto'g'ri manzilga yuborilgan bo'lsa kerak.
- She expects the issue to be resolved by Friday. — U masala jumagacha hal qilinishini kutmoqda.
Ikki to'ldiruvchili fe'llar
give, send, offer, tell, show, pay kabi fe'llarda ikkita to'ldiruvchi bo'ladi, shuning uchun ikkita majhul shakl tuzish mumkin. Ingliz tilida odam bilan boshlanadigan variant tabiiyroq eshitiladi: I was given a present. Narsa bilan boshlangan variant esa ko'proq rasmiy matnda uchraydi va odatda to yoki for predlogini talab qiladi. Ma'no bir xil, faqat urg'u o'zgaradi.
- I was given a second chance. — Menga ikkinchi imkoniyat berildi.
- A second chance was given to me. — Ikkinchi imkoniyat menga berildi.
- All new employees are shown the safety rules on their first day. — Barcha yangi xodimlarga birinchi kuni xavfsizlik qoidalari ko'rsatiladi.
- We were told nothing about the delay. — Bizga kechikish haqida hech narsa aytilmadi.
Nima uchun majhul ishlatiladi
Majhul nisbat bajaruvchi noma'lum, muhim emas yoki ataylab aytilmaganda tanlanadi. U jarayonning o'ziga urg'u beradi, shuning uchun ilmiy matn, yangilik va rasmiy hisobotlarda ko'p uchraydi. Yana bir vazifasi - mas'uliyatni yumshatish: a mistake was made degan gap kim xato qilganini aytmaydi. Ma'lum va yangi axborotni tartibga solishda ham qulay, chunki tanish ot gap boshiga chiqadi.
- The samples were kept at a constant temperature. — Namunalar doimiy haroratda saqlandi.
- Three suspects have been arrested in connection with the robbery. — Talonchilik bilan bog'liq holda uch nafar gumonlanuvchi hibsga olindi.
- Unfortunately, some errors were made during the calculation. — Afsuski, hisob-kitob davomida ba'zi xatolarga yo'l qo'yildi.
- Your application will be processed within ten working days. — Arizangiz o'n ish kuni ichida ko'rib chiqiladi.
Qaysi shakllardan qochish kerak
Perfect Continuous zamonlarning majhul shakli grammatik jihatdan mumkin, lekin og'ir eshitiladi va deyarli ishlatilmaydi. Shuningdek, har bir gapni majhulga aylantirish yaxshi uslub emas: ortiqcha majhul matnni quruq va tushunarsiz qiladi. Suhbatda ko'pincha they yoki someone bilan aniq nisbat afzal: someone stole my phone. get shakli esa norasmiy nutqda be o'rnida keladi: my phone got stolen.
- Someone has taken my umbrella. (suhbatda tabiiyroq) — Kimdir soyabonimni olib ketibdi.
- My bike got stolen last night. (norasmiy) — Kecha velosipedim o'g'irlanib ketdi.
- The house is being painted this week, so we are staying with friends. — Bu hafta uy bo'yalayapti, shuning uchun do'stlarimiznikida turibmiz.
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
The letter have been sent yesterday.
The letter was sent yesterday.
Aniq o'tgan vaqt bilan Present Perfect emas, Past Simple majhul ishlatiladi.
This rule must be follow by everyone.
This rule must be followed by everyone.
Modaldan keyin be + V3 kerak, oddiy fe'l emas.
The accident was happened near the bridge.
The accident happened near the bridge.
happen o'timsiz fe'l, uning majhul shakli yo'q.
The road is been repaired now.
The road is being repaired now.
Hozirgi davomli majhulda being ishlatiladi, been emas.
Maslahatlar
- Formulani yodda tuting: be zamonni ko'rsatadi, V3 esa hech qachon o'zgarmaydi.
- Bajaruvchi muhim bo'lsagina by qo'shing; aks holda uni tushirib qoldiring.
- Modal + be + V3 shakli qoida va ko'rsatmalarda eng ko'p uchraydi.
- Suhbatda be o'rniga get ishlatish mumkin: it got broken.
Mashqlar
The letter ___ been sent already.
The house ___ be sold next month.
The bridge is ___ repaired at the moment.
This rule must ___ by everyone.
I ___ given a second chance last year.
The documents had ___ prepared before the meeting started.
The offices ___ cleaned every evening by a private company.
When I arrived, the car ___ being washed.
By next June the new terminal will have ___ opened.
The window is broken - it ___ have been hit by a ball.
We expect the problem to ___ solved by the end of the week.
Nothing ___ told to us about the change in policy.