Emphasis and fronting

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Ish yig'ilishida e'tirozga javoban o'z pozitsiyangizni tasdiqlaganda

  I do understand the concern, but the figures simply do not support it.

  Tashvishni tushunaman, albatta, lekin raqamlar buni tasdiqlamaydi.

• Ilmiy taqrizda muallifning kuchli tomonini tan olib, keyin tanqid qilganda

  The study does address an important gap, though its method remains questionable.

  Tadqiqot muhim bo'shliqni haqiqatan ham to'ldiradi, garchi uning usuli shubhali bo'lsa-da.

• IELTS Writing Task 2 da qarshi tomonning javobsiz qolgan nuqtasini ko'rsatganda

  These objections the government has never seriously answered.

  Bu e'tirozlarga hukumat hech qachon jiddiy javob bermagan.

• Mijozga yozilgan rasmiy uzr xatida javobgarlikni tan olganda

  We do apologise for the inconvenience caused by the delay.

  Kechikish tufayli yuzaga kelgan noqulaylik uchun chin dildan uzr so'raymiz.

• Og'zaki suhbatda hayrat yoki norozilik bildirganda

  What on earth were they thinking when they approved this?

  Buni tasdiqlashganda ular nimani o'ylashgan ekan?

Emphatic do: qachon va nima uchun

Tasdiq gapga do, does yoki did qo'shilsa, fe'l kuchli ta'kid oladi. Bu uchta vaziyatda ishlaydi: e'tirozni rad etish (I do know him - xohlagancha inkor qilmang, bilaman), qarama-qarshilik qo'yish (The plan is risky, but it does solve the problem) va rozilikni kuchaytirish. Buyruq gapda do iltimosni qat'iy emas, balki iliq va samimiy qiladi: Do sit down. Shuni unutmang: do dan keyin asosiy fe'l har doim asl shaklda qoladi va inkorda emphatic do ishlatilmaydi.

• The theory does explain the anomaly, though not the timing. — Nazariya anomaliyani tushuntiradi, lekin uning vaqtini emas.
• He did apologise, but only after the story had broken. — U uzr so'radi, lekin faqat voqea oshkor bo'lgandan keyin.
• Do bear in mind that these figures are provisional. — Bu raqamlar dastlabki ekanini albatta yodda tuting.
• I do appreciate the effort that went into this report. — Bu hisobotga sarflangan mehnatni chin dildan qadrlayman.

Fronting: bo'lakni gap boshiga chiqarish

Ingliz tilida gap boshi mavzu uchun, gap oxiri esa yangi ma'lumot uchun ajratilgan. Shuning uchun to'ldiruvchi yoki kesim qismini oldinga chiqarish ta'kid beradi va ayni paytda paragrafni oldingi gap bilan bog'laydi: These arguments I find unconvincing. Bunda inversiya shart emas - ega o'z o'rnida qoladi. Muhim shart: oldinga chiqarilgan bo'lak gap ichida takrorlanmaydi, ya'ni olmosh qo'shilmaydi. Fronting publitsistik va adabiy uslubda, shuningdek qarama-qarshilik qo'yishda ishlatiladi.

• These conclusions the author never justifies. — Bu xulosalarni muallif hech qachon asoslab bermaydi.
• Expensive the treatment may be, but it is the only option left. — Davolash qimmat bo'lishi mumkin, lekin bu qolgan yagona yo'l.
• Of the three proposals, the second alone addresses the cost. — Uchta taklifdan faqat ikkinchisi xarajat masalasini ko'taradi.
• What he lacked in experience he made up for in determination. — Tajriba yetishmagan joyni u qat'iyat bilan to'ldirdi.

Kuchaytiruvchi so'z va iboralar

Ingliz tilida kuchaytirish uchun boy vositalar bor va ular turli qolipda ishlaydi. Otni kuchaytirish: the very (the very person we need), the sheer scale, no ... whatsoever. Sifatni kuchaytirish: absolutely, utterly, entirely - lekin bu qo'shimchalar faqat chegarasiz (ungradable) sifatlar bilan ishlaydi: absolutely essential, utterly useless; very bilan esa oddiy sifatlar: very important. Qiyoslashda by far eng kuchli: by far the best. Savolda on earth va in the world hayrat yoki g'azabni bildiradi.

• There is no evidence whatsoever to support that interpretation. — Bu talqinni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan hech qanday dalil yo'q.
• It was the sheer scale of the disaster that shocked observers. — Kuzatuvchilarni hayratda qoldirgan narsa falokatning ulkan ko'lami edi.
• The proposal is by far the most realistic of the four. — Bu taklif to'rttasi ichida beqiyos eng real.
• What on earth persuaded the board to approve it? — Kengashni buni tasdiqlashga nima majbur qildi ekan?

Ta'kid olmoshlari va inkorni kuchaytirish

myself, himself, herself, themselves olmoshlari ta'kid uchun ishlatilganda gapga ikki xil joyda qo'yiladi: egadan keyin (The director himself signed the letter) yoki gap oxirida (I spoke to the director myself). Ma'no bir xil: aynan o'sha odam, boshqa emas. Inkorni kuchaytirish uchun not a single, by no means, in no way, nothing of the sort, never ever iboralari ishlatiladi. Rasmiy matnda by no means va in no way, og'zaki nutqda esa no way va not a chance tabiiyroq.

• The minister himself admitted that the data had been withheld. — Vazirning o'zi ma'lumotlar yashirilganini tan oldi.
• Not a single witness was willing to testify in public. — Birorta ham guvoh ochiq guvohlik berishga rozi bo'lmadi.
• The findings are by no means conclusive. — Natijalar hech qanday ma'noda yakuniy emas.
• In no way does this excuse the delay. — Bu hech qanday tarzda kechikishni oqlamaydi.

Uslub: og'zaki urg'u va yozma urg'u

Og'zaki nutqda urg'u ohang bilan beriladi, shuning uchun grammatik vositalar kamroq kerak. Yozma matnda esa ohang yo'q va shuning uchun tuzilish ishlaydi: fronting, cleft, emphatic do. Rasmiy akademik uslubda by no means, precisely, indeed va it is ... that qoliplari afzal; undov belgisi, kursiv yoki bosh harflar bilan yozish esa professional matnda yaxshi ko'rinmaydi. Eng muhimi - o'lchov: har gapda ta'kid bo'lsa, hech qaysi ta'kid seziliradi.

• Formal: The results are by no means surprising. — Rasmiy: Natijalar hech qanday ma'noda ajablanarli emas.
• Informal: The results aren't surprising at all! — Norasmiy: Natijalar umuman ajablanarli emas!
• Indeed, the opposite appears to be the case. — Darhaqiqat, aksincha holat kuzatilmoqda.
• It is precisely this assumption that the study challenges. — Tadqiqot aynan shu taxminni shubha ostiga oladi.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• She does knows the answer.

  She does know the answer.

  Emphatic do zamon va shaxs ko'rsatkichini o'ziga oladi, shuning uchun asosiy fe'l asl shaklida qoladi.

• This book I really recommend it to everyone.

  This book I really recommend to everyone.

  Fronting da oldinga chiqarilgan to'ldiruvchi gap ichida olmosh bilan takrorlanmaydi.

• I very appreciate your help.

  I do appreciate your help.

  very fe'lni kuchaytira olmaydi; fe'l uchun emphatic do yoki really / greatly ishlatiladi.

• What earth is he talking about?

  What on earth is he talking about?

  on earth barqaror ibora - predlogsiz ishlatilmaydi va faqat so'roq so'zidan keyin keladi.

Maslahatlar

• Emphatic do faqat tasdiq gap va buyruqda ishlaydi; inkorda u ishlatilmaydi (I don't do know xato).
• absolutely, utterly, completely chegarasiz sifatlar bilan keladi (absolutely essential), very esa oddiy sifatlar bilan (very useful).
• Fronting dan keyin inversiya shart emas; inversiya faqat salbiy yoki cheklovchi ibora oldinga chiqqanda bo'ladi.
• Rasmiy hisobot va akademik ishda undov belgisi hamda bosh harfli ta'kiddan voz keching - grammatik ta'kid ancha kuchliroq ishlaydi.

Mashqlar