Advanced conjunctions

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Shartnoma yoki kafolat matnida shart va istisnolarni aniq yozganda

  The warranty remains valid provided that the device has not been opened.

  Qurilma ochilmagan bo'lsa, kafolat kuchida qoladi.

• Rasmiy eslatma xatida to'lov muddatini ogohlantirganda

  Payment must be received by Friday; otherwise the booking will be released.

  To'lov juma kunigacha kelib tushishi kerak, aks holda bron bekor qilinadi.

• Loyiha yoki sayohat rejasida ehtiyot chorasini tushuntirganda

  Bring a printed copy of the itinerary in case the app fails to load.

  Ilova ochilmay qolsa deb, marshrutning qog'ozdagi nusxasini olib keling.

• Binodagi xavfsizlik ko'rsatmasi yoki rasmiy e'londa

  In the event of a power failure, the emergency lighting will activate automatically.

  Elektr uzilgan taqdirda favqulodda yoritish avtomatik ravishda yoqiladi.

• Og'zaki suhbatda hamkasbga shart qo'yib rozilik berganda

  I will cover your shift as long as you let me leave early on Friday.

  Juma kuni erta ketishimga ruxsat bersangiz, smenangizda o'rningizni bosaman.

unless: ma'nosi va chegaralari

unless taxminan if not ma'nosini beradi va yagona istisno shartni ko'rsatadi: We will proceed unless the board objects - kengash e'tiroz bildirmasa, davom etamiz. Shuning uchun unless dan keyin inkor qo'shilmaydi, aks holda ikki karra inkor chiqadi. Muhim chegara bor: unless faqat real, bajarilishi mumkin bo'lgan shart uchun ishlatiladi; haqiqatga zid faraz yoki kutilmagan natija haqida gapirilsa, if not afzal - I would have been disappointed if you had not come (unless emas). unless dan keyin will ishlatilmaydi.

• The findings will be published unless the sponsor objects. — Homiy e'tiroz bildirmasa, natijalar e'lon qilinadi.
• Unless the weather worsens, the ceremony will be held outdoors. — Ob-havo yomonlashmasa, marosim ochiq havoda o'tkaziladi.
• No refund will be issued unless the goods are returned unopened. — Tovarlar ochilmagan holda qaytarilmasa, pul qaytarilmaydi.
• I would have been surprised if she had not resigned. (unless bu yerda mos emas) — U iste'foga chiqmaganida hayron bo'lardim. (bu yerda unless mos kelmaydi)

Qat'iy shart: provided, as long as, only if

provided (that), providing (that), on condition that va as long as bir xil vazifani bajaradi: ular shartni qat'iy va ongli ravishda qo'yadi, ya'ni faqat shu talab bajarilsa, harakat amalga oshadi. provided that va on condition that eng rasmiy, as long as esa neytral va og'zaki nutqda ham keng ishlatiladi. only if shartni yanada toraytiradi va gap boshiga chiqsa inversiya talab qiladi: Only if the deadline is extended will we agree. Bu bog'lovchilardan keyin kelasi zamon ishlatilmaydi - hozirgi zamon shaklidan foydalaniladi.

• The data may be reused provided that the source is acknowledged. — Manba ko'rsatilgan sharti bilan ma'lumotlardan qayta foydalanish mumkin.
• The loan was granted on condition that the firm restructure its debt. — Kredit firma qarzini qayta tuzish sharti bilan berildi.
• I will support the proposal as long as the budget remains unchanged. — Byudjet o'zgarmas qolsa, taklifni qo'llab-quvvatlayman.
• Only if the committee reconvenes will a decision be possible. — Faqat qo'mita qayta yig'ilsagina qaror qabul qilish mumkin bo'ladi.

in case va if farqi

Bu ikkisini chalkashtirish C1 darajada ham tez-tez uchraydi. if - natija shartga bog'liq: Take an umbrella if it rains degani yomg'ir yog'sa, shundagina olasiz. in case esa oldindan qilinadigan ehtiyot chorasi: Take an umbrella in case it rains - hozir olasiz, chunki yog'ishi mumkin. Shuning uchun in case dan keyin will yoki would emas, oddiy hozirgi yoki o'tgan zamon ishlatiladi. Rasmiy uslubda in case of + ot qolipi bor: In case of emergency, break the glass - bu yerda gap emas, ot keladi.

• Back up the files in case the system crashes during the update. — Yangilanish paytida tizim ishdan chiqsa deb fayllardan zaxira nusxa oling.
• Call me if the system crashes. — Tizim ishdan chiqsa, menga qo'ng'iroq qiling.
• The clinic keeps a spare generator in case of a power failure. — Klinika elektr uzilishiga qarshi zaxira generator saqlaydi.
• She took notes in case she was asked to summarise the meeting. — Undan majlisni qisqacha bayon qilish so'ralishi mumkinligi uchun u qayd yuritdi.

Imtiyoz va farazsizlik: even if, whether, supposing

even if shart bajarilsa ham natija o'zgarmasligini bildiradi: Even if the funding is approved, the timetable is unrealistic. Uni even though bilan chalkashtirmang - even though real faktni bildiradi. whether ... or not esa har ikkala holatda natija bir xil ekanini ko'rsatadi va if bilan almashtirilmaydi, ayniqsa or not qo'shilganda. Supposing va what if gipotetik savol qo'yadi va ko'proq og'zaki nutqqa xos; rasmiy yozuvda ularning o'rnini in the event that yoki should egallaydi.

• Even if the funding is approved, the timetable remains unrealistic. — Moliyalashtirish tasdiqlansa ham, jadval haqiqatga to'g'ri kelmaydi.
• Even though the funding was approved, the project never started. — Moliyalashtirish tasdiqlangan bo'lsa-da, loyiha hech qachon boshlanmadi.
• The audit will proceed whether or not the director cooperates. — Direktor hamkorlik qiladimi yoki yo'qmi, audit o'tkaziladi.
• Supposing the supplier withdraws, what is our fallback plan? — Aytaylik, yetkazib beruvchi chiqib ketdi - zaxira rejamiz qanday?

Natija va ogohlantirish: otherwise, or else, for fear that

otherwise va or else salbiy oqibatni ogohlantiradi: Submit the form today, otherwise your application will lapse. otherwise rasmiyroq, or else esa keskinroq va og'zaki nutqqa xos. failing that muqobil variantni taklif qiladi: Email the office; failing that, call the helpline. for fear that va lest xavfning oldini olish maqsadini bildiradi va juda rasmiy: lest keyin subjunktiv keladi. Bu bog'lovchilarni tinish belgisi bilan to'g'ri ajratish muhim: otherwise odatda vergul yoki nuqtali vergul bilan ajratiladi.

• Submit the form today, otherwise your application will lapse. — Arizani bugun topshiring, aks holda u kuchini yo'qotadi.
• He avoided the topic for fear that he might reveal too much. — U ortiqcha gapirib qo'yishdan qo'rqib, mavzudan qochdi.
• Write to the department; failing that, contact the ombudsman. — Bo'limga yozing; agar natija bo'lmasa, ombudsmanga murojaat qiling.
• The documents were copied lest the originals be lost. — Asl nusxalar yo'qolmasin deb hujjatlardan nusxa olindi.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• Unless you don't hurry, we will be late.

  Unless you hurry, we will be late.

  unless allaqachon inkor ma'nosini o'z ichiga oladi; ustiga don't qo'shilsa ikki karra inkor bo'lib, ma'no teskarisiga aylanadi.

• I took an umbrella in case of it rained.

  I took an umbrella in case it rained.

  in case dan keyin gap, in case of dan keyin esa ot keladi - ikkisi bir qolipda aralashtirilmaydi.

• Provided that you will help us, we can finish today.

  Provided that you help us, we can finish today.

  Shart bog'lovchilaridan keyin kelasi zamon ishlatilmaydi; hozirgi zamon kelasi ma'noni beradi.

• I don't know unless he is coming to the meeting.

  I don't know whether he is coming to the meeting.

  unless shart bog'lovchisi, whether esa noaniqlikni bildiradi - ular bir-birini almashtira olmaydi.

Maslahatlar

• unless ni faqat real shart uchun ishlating; haqiqatga zid farazda if ... not qolipi to'g'ri: if I had not called, not unless I had called.
• in case = oldindan chora ko'rish, if = natijaning shartga bog'liqligi. Test: harakat hozir bajariladimi yoki shart bajarilganidan keyinmi?
• provided that, as long as, only if dan keyin will emas, hozirgi zamon ishlatiladi.
• even if (faraz) va even though (fakt) ni aralashtirmang - bu ikki butunlay boshqa ma'no.

Mashqlar