Zero and First Conditional

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Qurilma yoki jarayon qanday ishlashini tushuntirganda

  If you press this button twice, the machine restarts automatically.

  Bu tugmani ikki marta bossangiz, mashina avtomatik qayta ishga tushadi.

• Dam olish kuni rejalarini do'stingiz bilan kelishganda

  If the weather is good on Sunday, we'll go to the mountains.

  Yakshanba kuni havo yaxshi bo'lsa, tog'larga boramiz.

• Bolangizni yoki ukangizni ogohlantirganda

  If you don't finish your homework now, you won't watch TV tonight.

  Uy vazifangni hozir tugatmasang, bugun kechqurun televizor ko'rmaysan.

• Ish joyidagi ko'rsatmalarni yangi xodimga tushuntirganda

  If a customer complains, call the manager immediately.

  Agar mijoz norozilik bildirsa, darhol menejerga qo'ng'iroq qiling.

Shart gapning tuzilishi

Har qanday shart gap ikki qismdan iborat: if bo'lagi (shart) va asosiy bo'lak (natija). Bu ikki qismning o'rnini almashtirish mumkin. If oldinda kelsa, ikki qism vergul bilan ajratiladi: If it rains, we will stay in. Asosiy qism oldinda kelsa, vergul qo'yilmaydi: We will stay in if it rains. Ma'no ikkala holatda ham bir xil - faqat tinish belgisi farq qiladi.

• If you press this button, the machine stops. — Bu tugmani bossangiz, mashina to'xtaydi.
• The machine stops if you press this button. — Bu tugmani bossangiz, mashina to'xtaydi.
• If I finish early, I will call you. — Erta tugatsam, sizga qo'ng'iroq qilaman.
• I will call you if I finish early. — Erta tugatsam, sizga qo'ng'iroq qilaman.

Zero conditional: doimiy haqiqat

0-turda ikkala qismda ham Present Simple ishlatiladi. Bu tur ilmiy haqiqatlar, tabiat qonunlari, ko'rsatmalar va shaxsiy odatlar uchun xizmat qiladi. Bu yerda natija ehtimol emas - u har safar shunday bo'ladi. Shuning uchun if o'rniga ko'pincha when qo'yish ham mumkin, ma'no o'zgarmaydi: When you heat ice, it melts. Ko'rsatma berilayotganda asosiy qismda buyruq shakli ham kelishi mumkin: If the light is red, stop.

• If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. — Suvni 100 darajagacha qizdirsangiz, u qaynaydi.
• If I eat late, I don't sleep well. — Kech ovqatlansam, yaxshi uxlay olmayman.
• If the machine stops working, press the red button. — Agar mashina to'xtab qolsa, qizil tugmani bosing.
• Plants die if they don't get enough water. — O'simliklar yetarli suv olmasa, nobud bo'ladi.

First conditional: real ehtimol

1-tur kelajakda haqiqatan ham ro'y berishi mumkin bo'lgan holat haqida. if qismida kelajak ma'nosi bo'lsa ham, Present Simple ishlatiladi; will faqat asosiy qismda keladi. Natija qismida will o'rniga boshqa modal fe'llar ham kelishi mumkin: may, might, can, should, yoki buyruq shakli. Bu turdan rejalar, ogohlantirishlar, va'da va tahdidlarda foydalanamiz.

• If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. — Ertaga yomg'ir yog'sa, uyda qolamiz.
• If you study hard, you will pass the exam. — Qattiq o'qisangiz, imtihondan o'tasiz.
• If you see Aziz, tell him to call me. — Azizni ko'rsangiz, menga qo'ng'iroq qilishini ayting.
• If we leave now, we might catch the bus. — Hozir chiqsak, avtobusga ulgurishimiz mumkin.

0 va 1-turni taqqoslash

Ikki turning farqi vaqtda emas, ma'noda. 0-turda natija doimiy va muqarrar, 1-turda esa u bir marta, kelajakda ro'y berishi mumkin. Shuning uchun "If I drink coffee at night, I can't sleep" - bu mening doimiy xususiyatim, "If I drink coffee tonight, I won't sleep" esa bugungi kecha haqidagi bashorat. Quyidagi jadval ikkala turning shaklini yonma-yon ko'rsatadi.

• If I drink coffee at night, I can't sleep. — Kechqurun qahva ichsam, uxlay olmayman.
• If I drink coffee tonight, I won't sleep. — Bugun kechqurun qahva ichsam, uxlay olmayman.
• If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. — Ko'k va sariqni aralashtirsangiz, yashil hosil bo'ladi.
• If you mix these two, you will get a strange colour. — Bu ikkisini aralashtirsangiz, g'alati rang chiqadi.

unless, when, as soon as va boshqalar

if qismida will ishlatilmaslik qoidasi faqat if ga emas, boshqa payt bog'lovchilariga ham tegishli: when, as soon as, before, after, until, by the time. Ularning hammasidan keyin kelajak ma'nosi bo'lsa ham Present Simple keladi. unless esa if ... not ma'nosini beradi: Unless you hurry, you will be late = If you don't hurry, you will be late. unless dan keyin yana bir inkor qo'yilmaydi.

• I will call you when I arrive. — Yetib borganimda qo'ng'iroq qilaman.
• As soon as the film starts, turn off your phone. — Film boshlanishi bilanoq telefoningizni o'chiring.
• Unless you hurry, you will miss the train. — Shoshilmasangiz, poyezdga kechikasiz.
• We won't start until everyone is here. — Hamma kelmaguncha boshlamaymiz.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• If it will rain, we will stay at home.

  If it rains, we will stay at home.

  if qismida hech qachon will ishlatilmaydi, kelajak ma'nosi bo'lsa ham Present Simple keladi.

• I will call you when I will arrive.

  I will call you when I arrive.

  when, as soon as, before, after ham xuddi if kabi ishlaydi - ulardan keyin will qo'yilmaydi.

• Unless you don't hurry, you will be late.

  Unless you hurry, you will be late.

  unless o'zida inkor ma'nosini saqlaydi, ikkinchi inkor ortiqcha.

• If you will heat water, it boils.

  If you heat water, it boils.

  Doimiy haqiqat uchun 0-tur: ikkala qismda ham Present Simple.

Maslahatlar

• Qoidani bir jumlada eslang: will if qismiga kirmaydi, u faqat natija qismida bo'ladi.
• If oldinda bo'lsa vergul kerak, orqada bo'lsa vergul kerak emas.
• 0-turda if o'rniga when qo'ysangiz ma'no o'zgarmaydi - bu turni tekshirishning oson yo'li.
• unless = if ... not; ikkinchi marta not qo'shmang.

Mashqlar