Used to / would

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Bolaligingiz haqida hikoya qilganda

  I used to spend every summer at my grandparents' house in the village.

  Ilgari har yozni qishloqdagi bobomlarnikida o'tkazardim.

• Yangi tanishingizga o'zingizdagi o'zgarishlarni aytganda

  I didn't use to like sport, but now I go to the gym every morning.

  Ilgari sportni yoqtirmasdim, hozir esa har kuni ertalab sport zaliga boraman.

• Shahringiz qanday o'zgarganini tasvirlaganda

  There used to be a small market where the shopping centre is now.

  Hozir savdo markazi turgan joyda ilgari kichik bozor bor edi.

• Chet elga ko'chib kelgan odam yangi hayotga ko'nikayotganini aytganda

  I'm still getting used to driving on the left.

  Men hali ham chap tomonda mashina haydashga ko'nikayapman.

Shakli va tuzilishi

Tasdiq gapda used to + fe'lning asl shakli keladi va u hech qachon o'zgarmaydi - barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil. Inkor va so'roqda did yordamchi fe'li ishlatilgani uchun used dagi -d tushib qoladi: didn't use to, Did you use to ...? Bu eng ko'p xato qilinadigan joy. Qisqa javobda esa oddiy Did yordamchisi qaytariladi: Yes, I did.

• I used to play football every day. — Ilgari har kuni futbol o'ynardim.
• She didn't use to like coffee. — Ilgari u qahvani yoqtirmasdi.
• Did you use to live in Bukhara? — Siz ilgari Buxoroda yashaganmisiz?
• There used to be a cinema on this street. — Ilgari bu ko'chada kinoteatr bor edi.

Ma'nosi: to'xtagan odat va holat

used to ikki narsani bildiradi: ilgari muntazam takrorlangan harakat (I used to swim) va ilgari mavjud bo'lgan holat (I used to have long hair). Har ikki holatda ham asosiy ma'no bitta - bu endi shunday emas. Shuning uchun used to ishlatilsa, tinglovchi "demak hozir bunday emas" degan xulosaga keladi. used to faqat o'tgan zamon shakli; hozirgi zamonda odatni Present Simple bilan usually so'zi orqali beramiz.

• I used to have long hair, but now it's short. — Ilgari sochim uzun edi, hozir esa kalta.
• We used to go to the mountains every summer. — Ilgari har yozda tog'larga borardik.
• He used to be very shy at school. — U maktabda juda uyatchan edi.
• I usually get up at seven. (hozirgi odat) — Men odatda yettida turaman.

would bilan farqi

would ham o'tmishdagi takrorlangan harakatlarni bildiradi, lekin faqat harakatlar bilan - holat fe'llari bilan emas. be, have (ega bo'lmoq), know, like, live kabi holat fe'llari bilan would ishlatilmaydi. Shuningdek would odatda matnning boshida yolg'iz kelmaydi: avval used to bilan vaziyat ochiladi, keyin would bilan tafsilotlar sanaladi. would ko'proq nostalgik, hikoya uslubiga xos.

• Every summer we would visit our grandparents. — Har yozda bobo-buvimiznikiga borardik.
• My father would tell us stories before bed. — Dadam uxlashdan oldin bizga hikoyalar aytib berardi.
• I used to have a bike. (would have emas) — Ilgari velosipedim bor edi.
• She used to be a teacher. (would be emas) — U ilgari o'qituvchi edi.

be used to va get used to

Bu uchta ibora shaklan o'xshash, lekin ma'nosi butunlay boshqa. used to + fe'l - o'tmishdagi odat. be used to + ot yoki V-ing - biror narsaga ko'nikib qolgan, odatlangan. get used to + ot yoki V-ing - ko'nikib borish jarayoni. Oxirgi ikkisida to - predlog, shuning uchun undan keyin fe'l -ing shaklida keladi. be va get esa har qanday zamonda kelishi mumkin.

• I am used to getting up early. — Men erta turishga ko'nikkanman.
• He used to get up early. — U ilgari erta turardi.
• She is getting used to the new job. — U yangi ishga ko'nikib boryapti.
• At first I wasn't used to the cold weather. — Dastlab men sovuq havoga ko'nikmagan edim.

Qachon oddiy Past Simple yetarli

used to faqat takrorlangan yoki uzoq davom etgan holat uchun ishlatiladi. Bir marta sodir bo'lgan voqea uchun u mutlaqo yaramaydi - u yerda Past Simple kerak. Shuningdek necha marta yoki qancha vaqt aniq aytilsa, used to emas, Past Simple ishlatiladi: I lived there for five years (I used to live there for five years emas).

• I went to Samarkand last year. (bir marta) — O'tgan yili Samarqandga bordim.
• I used to go to Samarkand every spring. (odat) — Ilgari har bahorda Samarqandga borardim.
• She lived in Turkey for three years. — U Turkiyada uch yil yashadi.
• We visited the museum twice in 2019. — 2019-yilda muzeyga ikki marta bordik.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• I didn't used to smoke.

  I didn't use to smoke.

  did yordamchisi bor bo'lganda used dagi -d tushadi: didn't use to.

• I am used to get up early.

  I am used to getting up early.

  be used to dagi to - predlog, undan keyin V-ing keladi.

• I would have a red car when I was young.

  I used to have a red car when I was young.

  have (ega bo'lmoq) holat fe'li, u bilan would ishlatilmaydi.

• I use to work here now.

  I usually work here now.

  used to faqat o'tmish uchun; hozirgi odat Present Simple bilan beriladi.

Maslahatlar

• used to ni ko'rsangiz, "lekin endi bunday emas" degan ma'no doim yashiringan.
• didn't use to va Did ... use to? - bu yerda -d yo'q, buni alohida yodlab qo'ying.
• be/get used to dan keyin ot yoki V-ing: used to noise, used to working.
• Bir martalik voqea uchun used to emas, Past Simple ishlating.

Mashqlar