Present Perfect
Hozirgi tugallangan zamon
O'tmishda sodir bo'lgan, lekin hozirgi payt bilan bog'liq harakatni bildiradi: natija, tajriba yoki hozirgacha davom etgan holat.
Qachon ishlatiladi
Ish intervyusida tajribangizni sanaganda
I have worked in this field for five years.
Bu sohada besh yildan beri ishlayman.
Yangi tanish bilan sayohat tajribangizni muhokama qilganda
Have you ever been to Turkey?
Hech qachon Turkiyada bo'lganmisiz?
Mehmonxonada muammo haqida xabar berganda
I have lost my room key.
Xona kalitimni yo'qotib qo'ydim.
O'qituvchiga vazifani tugatganingizni aytganda
I have already finished the exercises.
Mashqlarni allaqachon tugatdim.
Qancha vaqtdan beri o'rganayotganingizni aytganda
I have studied English since primary school.
Ingliz tilini boshlang'ich sinfdan beri o'rganaman.
Yasalishi va uchinchi shakl
Bu zamon have yoki has hamda fe'lning uchinchi shakli (V3) yordamida yasaladi. I, you, we, they bilan have, he, she, it bilan has ishlatiladi. Qoidali fe'llarda V3 shakli Past Simple bilan bir xil: work - worked - worked. Qoidasiz fe'llarda esa alohida shakl bor: go - went - gone, see - saw - seen. Inkor: haven't, hasn't. So'roqda have/has egadan oldinga chiqadi.
- I have finished my homework. — Uy vazifamni tugatdim - hozir tayyor.
- She has lost her keys. — U kalitlarini yo'qotdi.
- We haven't seen that film. — Biz u filmni ko'rmaganmiz.
- Have you read this book? — Bu kitobni o'qiganmisiz?
| Asl shakl | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) |
|---|---|---|
| work | worked | worked |
| go | went | gone |
| see | saw | seen |
| be | was / were | been |
| do | did | done |
| write | wrote | written |
Natijasi hozir ko'rinadigan ish
Agar ish o'tmishda bo'lgan, lekin natijasi hozir muhim bo'lsa, shu zamon ishlatiladi. I have lost my keys degani kalitlar hozir ham topilmagan. Vaqt aytilmaydi, chunki muhimi vaqt emas, hozirgi holat. Bu ma'noda just (endigina), already (allaqachon) va yet (hali) so'zlari ko'p uchraydi.
- They have just arrived. — Ular endigina yetib kelishdi.
- I have already eaten, thank you. — Men allaqachon ovqatlandim, rahmat.
- He hasn't finished his work yet. — U ishini hali tugatmadi.
- Someone has broken the window. — Kimdir derazani sindiribdi.
Hayotiy tajriba: ever va never
Hayotda biror ishni qilgan yoki qilmaganini aytish uchun ham shu zamon ishlatiladi. Bunda ever (hech qachon, savolda) va never (hech qachon, inkorda) so'zlari qo'llanadi. Vaqt muhim emas, faqat tajriba bor-yo'qligi muhim. been va gone farqini eslab qoling: I have been to Turkey - borib qaytganman, He has gone to Turkey - hozir u yerda.
- Have you ever been to Japan? — Hech qachon Yaponiyada bo'lganmisiz?
- She has never eaten sushi. — U hech qachon sushi yemagan.
- I have been to Turkey twice. — Men Turkiyada ikki marta bo'lganman.
- My father has gone to the office. — Dadam ofisga ketdi - hozir u yerda.
for va since
O'tmishda boshlanib hozirgacha davom etayotgan holat uchun for va since ishlatiladi. for - davomiylik: for three years, for two hours, for a long time. since - boshlangan nuqta: since 2020, since Monday, since I was a child. Bu ma'noda live, know, work, have kabi fe'llar ko'p uchraydi. How long...? savoli shu ma'lumotni so'raydi.
- I have known him for five years. — Men uni besh yildan beri bilaman.
- We have lived here since 2015. — Biz bu yerda 2015-yildan beri yashaymiz.
- She has worked at this school for a long time. — U bu maktabda uzoq vaqtdan beri ishlaydi.
- How long have you studied English? — Ingliz tilini qancha vaqtdan beri o'rganasiz?
| for | since |
|---|---|
| davomiylik | boshlangan nuqta |
| for two hours | since 8 o'clock |
| for ten years | since 2015 |
| for a long time | since Monday |
Belgi so'zlar va so'z tartibi
Bu zamon bilan tez-tez keladigan so'zlar: just, already, yet, ever, never, so far, recently, this week. just, already, ever va never have/has bilan V3 orasida turadi: I have just finished. yet esa gap oxirida va faqat inkor hamda so'roqda ishlatiladi: Have you finished yet? Aniq o'tgan vaqt (yesterday, last year, in 2019) bu zamon bilan ishlatilmaydi.
- I have just spoken to her. — Men u bilan endigina gaplashdim.
- Have they arrived yet? — Ular yetib kelishdimi?
- We have already paid the bill. — Hisobni allaqachon to'laganmiz.
- I haven't been to the doctor this week. — Bu hafta shifokorga bormadim.
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
I have saw him.
I have seen him.
have dan keyin ikkinchi emas, uchinchi shakl (V3) keladi.
She have finished.
She has finished.
he, she, it bilan has ishlatiladi.
I have lived here since ten years.
I have lived here for ten years.
Davomiylik bilan for, aniq nuqta bilan since.
I have seen him yesterday.
I saw him yesterday.
Aniq o'tgan vaqt aytilsa Past Simple ishlatiladi.
Maslahatlar
- have/has + V3: uchinchi shaklni qoidasiz fe'llar jadvalidan yodlang.
- been - borib qaytgan, gone - hali o'sha yerda.
- for - qancha vaqt, since - qachondan beri.
- yet faqat inkor va so'roqda, gap oxirida ishlatiladi.
Mashqlar
I ___ finished my work.
He ___ never seen snow.
She has ___ to London twice.
We have lived here ___ 2015.
They have known each other ___ ten years.
___ you ever been to Japan?
I have ___ my keys and I can't open the door.
She ___ just left the office.
They haven't finished the project ___ .
We have ___ eaten, so we aren't hungry.
My sister has ___ to the shop. She'll be back soon.
How long ___ you worked in this company?