Future Perfect

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Loyiha jadvalini mijozga tushuntirganda

  By the end of March we will have completed the first two phases.

  Mart oxiriga borib biz dastlabki ikki bosqichni yakunlagan bo'lamiz.

• Rasmiy xatda muddatni va'da qilganda

  We will have processed your refund within ten working days.

  Pulingizni qaytarishni o'n ish kuni ichida rasmiylashtirgan bo'lamiz.

• Kelajak haqidagi tahliliy maqolada bashorat berganda

  By 2040 most large cities will have banned petrol cars completely.

  2040-yilga borib ko'pchilik yirik shaharlar benzinli mashinalarni butunlay taqiqlagan bo'ladi.

• Suhbatda uchrashuv rejasini kelishganda

  Don't rush - by the time you get here we will have finished dinner.

  Shoshilmang - siz yetib kelguningizcha biz kechki ovqatni tugatgan bo'lamiz.

Yasalishi va asosiy ma'nosi

Future Perfect will have + V3 shaklida yasaladi va barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil. U kelajakdagi bir nuqtani belgilaydi va o'sha nuqtagacha ish tugashini bildiradi. Shuning uchun gapda deyarli doim vaqt chegarasi ko'rsatiladi. Inkor shakli won't have + V3, savol shakli Will you have + V3.

• By next June I will have finished university. — Kelasi iyunga qadar universitetni tugatgan bo'laman.
• They will have left by the time you arrive. — Siz yetib kelguningizcha ular ketib bo'lgan bo'lishadi.
• I won't have finished the report before Friday. — Jumagacha hisobotni tugatib ulgurmayman.
• Will you have packed everything by eight? — Soat sakkizgacha hamma narsani yig'ishtirib bo'lasizmi?

Vaqt iboralari: by, by the time, before

Bu zamon by bilan boshlanadigan iboralarsiz deyarli ishlatilmaydi: by tomorrow, by next year, by the end of the month. by the time bog'lovchisidan keyin esa kelasi zamon emas, Present Simple ishlatiladi. before va in bilan ham uchraydi: in two years' time. Aynan shu iboralar imtihonda to'g'ri javobni ko'rsatib turadi.

• By the time we get there, the film will have started. — Biz yetib borguncha film boshlanib bo'lgan bo'ladi.
• By the end of the year the company will have opened five new branches. — Yil oxiriga borib kompaniya beshta yangi filial ochgan bo'ladi.
• In ten years' time most of these jobs will have disappeared. — O'n yildan keyin bu ishlarning aksariyati yo'qolib ketgan bo'ladi.
• I will have read the whole book before the seminar. — Seminardan oldin butun kitobni o'qib bo'laman.

Future Perfect Continuous

Agar kelajakdagi nuqtagacha ish qancha vaqt davom etganini ta'kidlamoqchi bo'lsangiz, will have been + V-ing ishlatiladi. Bu shakl ko'pincha for bilan keladi: for ten years, for six hours. Farqi oddiy: Future Perfect natijani, Future Perfect Continuous esa davomiylikni ko'rsatadi. Holat fe'llari bilan bu shakl ishlatilmaydi.

• By May I will have been working here for ten years. — Mayga borib men bu yerda o'n yil ishlagan bo'laman.
• By midnight they will have been travelling for twenty hours. — Yarim tunga borib ular yigirma soat yo'lda bo'lishadi.
• Next month she will have been studying English for three years. — Kelasi oy u uch yildan beri ingliz tilini o'rganayotgan bo'ladi.

Taxmin ma'nosi

Future Perfect faqat kelajak haqida emas, hozirgi paytdagi taxmin haqida ham ishlatiladi. You will have heard the news by now degan gap kelajakni emas, hozirgi ehtimolni bildiradi: siz allaqachon eshitgan bo'lsangiz kerak. Bu ma'no rasmiy xat va e'lonlarda tez-tez uchraydi. Ma'nosi must have + V3 ga yaqin, lekin ohangi yumshoqroq.

• You will have noticed that the schedule has changed. — Jadval o'zgarganini sezgan bo'lsangiz kerak.
• Most of you will have received the invitation by now. — Ko'pchiligingiz taklifnomani allaqachon olgan bo'lsangiz kerak.
• He will have arrived home by this time. — U shu vaqtga kelib uyga yetib borgan bo'lsa kerak.

Uslub: qayerda ishlatiladi

Bu zamon ish muhitida rejalashtirish va muddat haqida gapirganda juda ko'p ishlatiladi: hisobot, taqdimot va loyiha jadvallarida. Rasmiy xatda ham uchraydi: We will have completed the work by 30 June. Kundalik suhbatda esa odamlar ko'pincha oddiyroq shaklni tanlashadi: I'll finish it by Friday. Shuning uchun bu shaklni yozma ish uchun kuchli vosita deb bilish kerak.

• We will have completed the installation by 30 June. — Biz o'rnatish ishlarini 30-iyunga qadar yakunlaymiz.
• By the end of this phase, the team will have tested all the modules. — Ushbu bosqich oxiriga borib jamoa barcha modullarni sinovdan o'tkazgan bo'ladi.
• I hope I will have saved enough money by the summer. — Yozga borib yetarli pul yig'gan bo'lishimga umid qilaman.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• They will have left by the time you will arrive.

  They will have left by the time you arrive.

  by the time dan keyin kelasi zamon emas, Present Simple ishlatiladi.

• By next year I will have finish the course.

  By next year I will have finished the course.

  will have dan keyin doim V3 keladi.

• Until Monday I will have written the report.

  By Monday I will have written the report.

  Muddat chegarasi uchun until emas, by ishlatiladi.

• By May I will have worked here for ten years already.

  By May I will have been working here for ten years.

  Davomiylikni ta'kidlaganda will have been + V-ing tabiiyroq.

Maslahatlar

• by - chegaraga qadar, until - shu paytgacha davom etish; Future Perfect bilan by ishlatiladi.
• by the time, before, when dan keyin Present Simple qo'ying.
• Davomiylikni ta'kidlamoqchi bo'lsangiz will have been + V-ing tanlang.
• Bu zamon hozirgi paytdagi yumshoq taxminni ham bildiradi: You will have heard the news.

Mashqlar