Past Simple: was / were

Qachon ishlatiladi

• Dam olish kunlari qayerda bo'lganingizni do'stingizga aytganda

  I was at my grandmother's house all weekend.

  Butun dam olish kunlari buvimnikida edim.

• Darsga kelmaganingiz sababini o'qituvchiga tushuntirganda

  I wasn't at school yesterday because I was ill.

  Kecha maktabda emasdim, chunki kasal edim.

• Ish suhbatida oldingi ish joyingiz haqida gapirganda

  My first job was at a small IT company in Tashkent.

  Birinchi ishim Toshkentdagi kichik IT kompaniyasida edi.

• Sayohatdan qaytib taassurotlaringizni aytganda

  The hotel was clean and the people were very friendly.

  Mehmonxona toza edi va odamlar juda mehmondo'st edi.

• Bolalik xotiralaringizni eslaganda

  When I was a child, we were neighbours.

  Men bolaligimda biz qo'shni edik.

Tasdiq gap: was yoki were

Hozirgi zamondagi am va is o'tgan zamonda was ga aylanadi, are esa were ga aylanadi. Shuning uchun I, he, she, it bilan was ishlatiladi. You, we, they bilan esa were ishlatiladi. Ega ot bo'lsa, uning birlik yoki ko'plik ekaniga qarab tanlaymiz: my brother was, my brothers were. O'zbek tilidagi "edi" so'zi ko'pincha shu fe'lga to'g'ri keladi.

• I was at home yesterday. — Kecha men uyda edim.
• They were very tired after work. — Ular ishdan keyin juda charchagan edi.
• The film was really funny. — Film juda kulgili edi.
• My sisters were at university in 2020. — Opalarim 2020-yilda universitetda edi.

Inkor: wasn't va weren't

Inkor qilish uchun was yoki were dan keyin not qo'shiladi. Og'zaki nutqda deyarli doim qisqartma ishlatiladi: was not - wasn't, were not - weren't. Bu yerda didn't kerak emas, chunki to be fe'li yordamchini talab qilmaydi. Shuning uchun "I didn't be at home" degan gap noto'g'ri.

• She wasn't at the meeting. — U yig'ilishda emas edi.
• We weren't ready for the test. — Biz testga tayyor emas edik.
• It wasn't cold last night. — Kecha kechasi sovuq emas edi.
• The shops weren't open on Sunday. — Do'konlar yakshanba kuni ochiq emas edi.

So'roq va qisqa javob

So'roq gapda was yoki were egadan oldinga chiqadi: Were you at school? Bu yerda ham did ishlatilmaydi. Qisqa javob uchun ega va was/were takrorlanadi: Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. So'roq so'zi bo'lsa, u eng boshida turadi: Where were you?

• Were you at school yesterday? — Kecha maktabda edingizmi?
• Was the film interesting? — Film qiziqarli edimi?
• Where were they last weekend? — Ular o'tgan dam olish kunlari qayerda edi?
• Was it your first time in Tashkent? - Yes, it was. — Toshkentga birinchi marta kelishingiz edimi? - Ha, shunday edi.

There was / there were

There is va there are iboralari o'tgan zamonda there was va there were shakliga o'tadi. Birlik ot bilan there was, ko'plik ot bilan there were ishlatiladi. Sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ham there was keladi: There was a lot of snow. Inkor: there wasn't, there weren't.

• There was a small shop on this street. — Bu ko'chada kichik do'kon bor edi.
• There were twenty students in the class. — Sinfda yigirmata o'quvchi bor edi.
• There wasn't any milk in the fridge. — Muzlatgichda sut yo'q edi.
• Were there many people at the wedding? — To'yda odam ko'p edimi?

Vaqt iboralari va hozirgi zamon bilan farq

was va were odatda o'tgan vaqtni bildiruvchi so'zlar bilan keladi: yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, in 2015, when I was a child. Hozirgi zamonda am/is/are, o'tgan zamonda esa was/were ishlatiladi - boshqa hech narsa o'zgarmaydi. Shuning uchun I am tired gapi o'tgan zamonda I was tired bo'ladi.

• I am at work now, but I was at home an hour ago. — Hozir ishdaman, lekin bir soat oldin uyda edim.
• He was a teacher when he was young. — Yosh vaqtida u o'qituvchi edi.
• We were in Bukhara two days ago. — Ikki kun oldin Buxoroda edik.
• The weather was terrible last week. — O'tgan hafta ob-havo juda yomon edi.

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

• I didn't was at home.

  I wasn't at home.

  to be fe'li bilan didn't ishlatilmaydi; not to'g'ridan-to'g'ri was ga qo'shiladi.

• Did you were tired?

  Were you tired?

  So'roqda was/were ning o'zi oldinga chiqadi, did kerak emas.

• They was at the park.

  They were at the park.

  they - ko'plik ega, shuning uchun were ishlatiladi.

• There were a big tree here.

  There was a big tree here.

  a big tree - birlik ot, shuning uchun there was.

Maslahatlar

• am va is - was ga, are - were ga aylanadi. Shu bitta qoidani eslab qolsangiz yetarli.
• Yosh haqida aytganda to be ishlatiladi: I was ten years old.
• born so'zi doim was/were bilan keladi: I was born in 2005.
• Belgi so'zlar: yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2010, when I was a child.

Mashqlar