Final consonants: -ed and -s endings

So'z oxiridagi undoshlar: -ed va -s qo'shimchalari

-ed qo'shimchasi uch xil aytiladi: /t/ jarangsiz tovushdan keyin (worked, watched), /d/ jarangli tovushdan keyin (played, lived), /ɪd/ faqat /t/ yoki /d/ dan keyin (wanted, decided). -s qo'shimchasi ham uch xil: /s/ (books, works), /z/ (dogs, lives, plays) va /ɪz/ (buses, watches, changes). Asosiy qoida: -ed ni har doim "-ed" deb alohida bo'g'in qilib aytmang. So'z oxiridagi undoshlarni tashlab ketmang — ular zamon va ko'plikni ko'rsatadi, grammatik aniqlik uchun muhim.

Tipik xato: "worked" ni "work-ed" (ikki bo'g'in), "played" ni "play-ed" deb aytish. Yoki aksincha, oxiridagi undoshlarni umuman tashlab ketish: "I work there last year", "two book" — imtihonchi buni grammatik xato deb qabul qiladi.

Misollar

  • worked /wɜːkt/

    /t/ — bitta bo'g'in.

  • played /pleɪd/

    /d/ — bitta bo'g'in.

  • decided /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/

    /ɪd/ — qo'shimcha bo'g'in, chunki /d/ dan keyin.

  • wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/

    /ɪd/ — /t/ dan keyin.

  • looks /lʊks/

    /s/ — jarangsiz /k/ dan keyin.

  • lives /lɪvz/

    /z/ — jarangli /v/ dan keyin.

  • changes /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/

    /ɪz/ — /dʒ/ dan keyin.

  • asked /ɑːskt/

    Qiyin klaster /skt/ — sekin mashq qiling.

  • texts /teksts/

    Oddiy nutqda /teks/ ham eshitiladi.

Minimal juftliklar

  • walk / walked
  • play / played
  • want / wanted
  • book / books
  • bus / buses
  • price / prices

Mashq: ovoz chiqarib o'qing va yozib oling

  • I worked in IT for five years before I decided to study abroad.

  • We played football and then watched a film.

  • She asked me what I wanted to do after graduating.

  • My brother lives in a small town and works as a teacher.

  • Prices have changed a lot, and so have people's habits.

  • I finished the report, printed it and handed it in.

  • He usually takes two buses and walks the rest of the way.