Contractions in speech

Og'zaki nutqda qisqartmalar

Ingliz tilida so'zlashuvda qisqartmalar (I'm, it's, don't, I'd, we've, there's) deyarli har doim ishlatiladi. "I am going" deyish noto'g'ri emas, lekin tabiiy nutqda juda rasmiy va sekin eshitiladi. Qisqartmalar kuchsiz tovushlar bilan aytiladi: I'll /aɪl/, we'll /wɪl/, it'll /ˈɪtl/. "I'd" ham "I would", ham "I had" bo'lishi mumkin — kontekstdan tushuniladi. To'liq shaklni faqat ta'kidlash uchun ishlating: "I DO like it!"

Tipik xato: Yozma tildagidek to'liq shakllarni ishlatish ("I do not know", "It is very good") yoki qisqartmani noto'g'ri talaffuz qilish: "I'll" ni "ail" emas, "I-ll" deb ikki bo'g'in qilib aytish.

Misollar

  • I'm /aɪm/

    "I am" o'rniga.

  • it's /ɪts/

    "it is" yoki "it has".

  • I'd /aɪd/

    "I would" yoki "I had".

  • I'll /aɪl/

    Bitta bo'g'in.

  • won't /wəʊnt/

    "want" /wɒnt/ bilan adashtirmang.

  • can't /kɑːnt/ (UK)

    Uzun /ɑː/ — "can" dan farqlanadi.

  • there's /ðeəz/

    "there is" o'rniga.

  • I've been /aɪv bɪn/

    "been" ham kuchsiz, /bɪn/.

  • should've /ˈʃʊdəv/

    "should of" deb yozmang, lekin shunday eshitiladi.

Minimal juftliklar

  • won't / want
  • can / can't
  • I'll / all
  • we'll / wheel
  • he'd / heed

Mashq: ovoz chiqarib o'qing va yozib oling

  • I'm not sure, but I think it's going to rain later.

  • I'd love to go, but I've got too much work.

  • There's a café near my office that's always busy.

  • We won't be late — I promise.

  • I can't believe it's already October.

  • If I'd known, I would've told you.

  • It's been a long time since I last spoke English.